大型综合性教学医院急性中毒临床特点分析  

Clinical characteristics of acute poisoning patients in general teaching hospitals

作　　者：冯寅[1] 张泓[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学第一附属医院急诊科,安徽合肥230022

出　　处：《安徽医药》2013年第11期1899-1901,共3页Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal

摘　　要：目的分析近年来安徽医科大学第一附属医院急诊科救治的急性中毒患者临床特点,为急性中毒的防控提供理论依据。方法收集2009—2012年就诊该院急诊科的急性中毒患者的资料,采用回顾性研究方法,分析其中毒原因、特点及预后。结果4年间该科共收治急性中毒患者680例,其中生产性中毒89例,占全部病例的13.09%,男性多于女性,年龄主要在40～60岁,以农药中毒多见;非生产性中毒591例,占全部病例的86.91%,其中女性多于男性;522例系自杀行为所致,其中21～30岁、31～40岁、61～70岁三个年龄段中毒例数及病死率较高,分别为(155、227、144;6.45%、6.16%、6.94%);除草剂、杀虫剂和镇静安眠及抗精神病药物类等中毒较多,分别占比例为39.20%、29.24%和20.93%。病死率分析显示百草枯中毒的发生率及死亡率明显高于其他毒物或药物,分别为21.26%和17.19%。结论随着农业科普宣传和劳动防护意识的加强,基层医院对药物中毒诊治水平的提高,生产性中毒得到了有效的控制;非生产性中毒比例逐年升高,其中百草枯中毒病死率高,需逐个层面加强监管和宣教。Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of acute poisoning patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University recent years and to provide preventive strategy against acute intoxication. Methods All acute poisonings in adults （ ≥ 12 years） treated in our emergency department during four year （2009 to 2012） were included in a retrospective study design, and the etiology, characteristics and prognosis of acute intoxication were analyzed. Results There were 680 patients with acute intoxication treated in our department during the past 4 years. 89 cases （ 13.09% ） were occupational poisoning,in which the males were more than the females signifieantly. Patients were aged between 40 and 60 years, and most of them were attributed to pesticide poisoning. There were 591 pa- tients with non-occupational poisoning, accounting for 86.91% in all cases, in which females more than males. 522 cases were attributed to suicide. The higher incidence and mortality rates were at the 21 to 30 years （ 155 cases ,6.45% ） ,31 to 40 years （ 227 cases ,6.16% ） and 61 to 70 years （ 144 cases,6.94% ） age group respectively. According to our results, most of the non-occupational poisoning were herbicide, insecticides, sedative-hypnotic and antipsychotic poisoning cases. The incidences of them were 39.20% , 29.24% and 20.93 % respectively. The fatality analysis showed that incidence and mortality rates of paraquat poisoning were significantly higher than those of other toxins or drugs （21.26% and 17. 19%, respectively）. Conclusions Based on a reinforcement of agricultural popular science propaganda and awareness of protection, as well as the improvement of the therapeutic level of acute poisoning in the basic hospital, the incidence of occupational poisoning has been under control. However, the non-occupational poisoning increased yearly. To prevent pa- raquat poisoning, which has a high mortality, more strengthened strategy should be taken.

关 键 词：急性中毒 非生产性中毒 百草枯 自杀 

分 类 号：R595[医药卫生—内科学]