中国林业生产的技术效率测算与分析  

Research on Technical Efficiency of Forestry Production in China

作　　者：田杰[1] 姚顺波[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源经济与环境管理研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2013年第11期66-72,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"基于碳汇效益内部化视角的造林补贴标准研究"(编号:71173175);国家社科重大课题"我国西部林业生态建设政策评价与体系完善研究"(编号:11&ZD2042)

摘　　要：基于纳入自然因素的超越对数生产函数形式的随机前沿模型,利用1999-2011年统计数据,对我国31个省林业生产技术效率水平和技术损失进行了全面测度。实证分析结果表明:①我国林业生产平均技术效率为0.877,技术效率损失为12.3%,说明我国林业生产效率水平还存在很大的提升空间;②表征自然因素的4-10月平均气温和年降水量对林业生产的技术效率水平有不可忽视的贡献程度,是相关林业投入产出分析中必须纳入的考虑因子;③由于恶劣的自然灾害、经济危机或是制度的不完善等外部因素造成林业平均年际技术效率虽有波动,但总体呈现上升趋势;④人均GDP、基层林业站工作人员文化素质、森林病虫鼠害防治率和制度变量对技术效率损失产生反向影响,影响效果显著。基于此,提出改善林业生产技术效率水平的相关政策建议:加大对林业系统工作人员的培训力度,提高人力资本水平;加快林业部门结构调整,林业系统从业人员向第一线倾斜;加强对森林病虫鼠害的预防和监测工作,促进林业生产技术的研发和创新;科学计划地增大林地面积,注意提高林地质量及林业产业结构的合理性;提高财政支林比重的同时,完善林业专项资金利用途径的监督机制,避免林业财政支出的无效利用。Using the Stochastic Frontier Approach in the framework of a Trans-log production function,taking the natural elements into consideration over the period 1999-2011,this paper examines comprehensive technical efficiency level and loss of technical efficiency for the forestry production of 31 provinces in China.The major findings reveal some facts as follows.① The average technical efficiency of forestry production in China is 0.877 and technical loss on average is 12.3％,which indicate there is plenty of room for improvement in technical efficiency.② Natural factors indicating by average temperature of April to October and annual precipitation do have a great contribution to technical efficiency for the forestry production that can not be ignored in the related forestry analysis of input-output.③ Average annual technical efficiency shows a rising trend despite some fluctuates as worst natural disaster,economic crisis or no-perfection of the system.④ Per capita GDP,cultural quality of staff in forestry station,control rate of forest diseases,pests and mice and system variables have significant positive effects on technical losses.On account of all the above,further measures on improving technical efficiency level of forestry production are put forward.Firstly,enhance the training of staff in forestry system to improve the level of human capital and accelerate restructuring of forestry sector to make employee in forestry system tilt towards the front line.Secondly,strengthen the prevention and monitoring of forest disease,pests and mice,and increase the area of forest land systematically pay attention to improving the quality of forest land.Thirdly,while raising the proportion of financial support forest,improve the supervision mechanism of forestry special funds to avoid invalid use of forestry fiscal expenditure.

关 键 词：自然因素 随机前沿分析 技术效率 影响因素 

分 类 号：F307.2[经济管理—产业经济]