关于中国水足迹研究综述  

A Review of Researches on Chinese Water Footprint

作　　者：吴兆丹[1,2] 赵敏[3] Upmanu Lall 田泽[1] 霍正刚[3,4] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学企业管理学院,江苏常州213022 [2]Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering,Columbia University [3]河海大学商学院,江苏南京211100 [4]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225127

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2013年第11期73-80,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目"水利资源综合开发经营管理范式研究"(编号:2012B10514)

摘　　要：当前中国水资源供需矛盾突出,粮食安全问题日显重要。全面分析水足迹情况,是通过虚拟水战略实现可持续发展的前提。从研究区域、时空尺度、对象、定量研究方法、内容等多角度比较国内外研究,总结关于我国水足迹研究的不足。包括对南方或经济尚不发达地区的研究不足;缺乏较大范围内进行较小空间尺度的分析及科学的时间维度划分,且对区域的分析无统一口径;有关工业和第三产业的研究较少;缺乏适合我国实情的先进定量研究方法;关于虚拟水流动、水足迹时空差异、"灰水"的研究以及相关评价分析方面均有待完善。在关于我国水足迹的进一步研究中,要加强对南方及落后区域、工业和第三产业的水足迹研究;科学借鉴国外先进的分析方法并予以创新;统一分析口径;加强统计资料管理;同时注意完善相关研究内容,如识别虚拟水流动的起始国(或区域)和终点国(或区域)、基于水足迹分析系统评价水资源承载能力等。Currently there is significant contradiction between water supply and demand in China,as well as an increasing importance in the food safety.Comprehensive water footprint analysis is a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development through virtual water strategy.Relevant defects of the existing researches on Chinese water footprint were elaborated through the comparison of domestic and foreign analysis,from multiple angles including the related area,time and spatial scale,object,quantitative method,and content.Analysis on the south or economically backward areas is relatively not enough.Current researches lack the high-resolution assessment for large area,some scientific time-dimension division,as well as comparable calibers for the regional analysis.They sometimes refer to neither industrial nor tertiary industrial water use.Some advanced quantitative research methods,which are also suitable for our situations,need developing.Several weaknesses are showed in researches on the virtual water flow,referring to the spatial and temporal differences of the water footprint,as well as the “ gray water”.Some related evaluation and analysis also need to be improved.In the further research on Chinese water footprint,the analysis should be enhanced on south or economically backward areas,together with industry and tertiary industry.Scientifical learn from foreign advanced analytical methods with the innovation is necessary.The analysis caliber can be unified.Also the management of statistic data should be strengthened.Some relevant content of researches needs improving,like identifying the start country （or region） and the destination country （or region）,and systematically assessing the water resource carrying capacity based on the water footprint analysis.

关 键 词：水足迹 虚拟水 虚拟水流动 虚拟水战略 综述 

分 类 号：F062.1[经济管理—政治经济学]