施用蚓粪堆肥对温室番茄产量和品质及土壤微生物数量的影响  

Effect of vermicompost on Tomato Yield and Quality and soil Microorganisms Population in Greenhouse

作　　者：杨丽娟[1] 杨启迪[2] 周崇峻[1] 常青[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]沈阳市规划和国土资源局东陵分局,辽宁沈阳110163

出　　处：《土壤通报》2013年第6期1455-1459,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：辽宁省农业攻关计划(2011215003);辽宁省自然基金(2012010133);沈阳市农业攻关项目(F12-122-3-00)资助

摘　　要：蚓粪作为一种天然生态有机肥,刺激植物生长、提高作物产量、改善果蔬品质的作用是多数研究者的共识。但由于蚓粪价格昂贵,单独作为有机肥施用在生产上难以大面积实现。本文研究单施化肥,蚓粪、鸡粪分别与玉米秸秆和稻糠按一定比例堆腐发酵后所得堆肥对温室番茄产量和土壤微生物数量的影响。结果表明,蚓粪堆肥处理番茄产量与鸡粪堆肥和化肥处理相比差异不显著。蚓粪堆肥处理显著提高了番茄果实的Vc和可溶性固形物含量,降低了果实的总酸含量,使果实的糖酸比提高。蚓粪处理的土壤微生物总量分别比化肥和对照处理增加61.26%和70.46%,但低于鸡粪处理;施用蚓粪土壤放线菌数量增加,真菌数量降低,提高了土壤放线菌/真菌比值。由此可见,蚓粪与其他物料混合堆置的堆肥在降低蚓粪的施用成本前提下,能够达到提高作物品质和调节土壤肥力的效果。Vermicompost as a kind of ecological organic manure are little applied in crops grown under protected cultivation in China. Wormeast and Chicken manure was composted with corn straw and rice chaff according to the ratio of 1：1：1, and resulted in the composts as Vermicompost （EM） and chicken-compost （CM）, respectively. In this study, the effect of Vermicompost and chicken-compost on tomato yield and soil microorganism population was conducted comparing with the treatments of Chemical fertilizers （CF） and no fertilizers （CK） applied. The results showed that EM gave the highest tomato yield, and the increment was 10.39% and 12.81% comparing with CM and CF, respectively, but there was no significant difference among EM, CM and CF. EM significantly increased tomato yield by 26.43% than CK. The contents of Vc and soluble solid matter and the ratio of sugar/acid was significantly higher in the EM treatment than that in the other treatments, and the content of total acid lower in EM than others. Soil Microorganism Population in EM was lower than in CM, and more 61.26% and 70.46% than in CF and CK, respectively. EM stimulated actinomycete growth and inhibited fungi growth, which increased the ratio of actinomycete / fungi. Vermicompost composted with wormcast and other materials could increase crop quality and regulate soil fertility under the premise of cost reduction.

关 键 词：蚓粪 温室 番茄 土壤 微生物数量 

分 类 号：S641[农业科学—蔬菜学]