河套灌区氮素流失分析及最佳施氮量的确定  

Analysis of Nitrogen Loss and Determination of Optimum Rates of Nitrogen Application in Hetao Irrigation Area

作　　者：郭富强[1,2] 史海滨[1] 杨树青[1] 刘德平[1] 李凤军[1] 梁建财[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古自治区水利科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《土壤通报》2013年第6期1477-1482,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07212-004-3);国家自然科学基金项目(50769004);国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(2010A40060873);内蒙古农业大学科技创新团队资助计划项目资助

摘　　要：为了减轻内蒙古河套地区施肥对地下水质的影响及增加作物产量,进行不同施氮条件下氮素淋溶试验。通过田间试验得出,河套灌区在当地常规灌水施肥基础上节水节氮各20%后可提高小麦、向日葵产量,而对小麦千粒重、向日葵百粒重均无显著影响。结合氮肥对产量的影响效应,通过HYDRUS-1D模型预测不同施氮模式下通过土壤下边界的氮素通量。结果表明,示范区小麦最佳施氮量为176.52 kg hm-2,向日葵最佳施氮量为118.15 kg hm-2。In order to reduce the effects of fertilization on the groundwater quality as well as increase crop yields, the nitrogen leaching experiment was set up under the condition of different N treatments. Through the field experiment, we obtained that the water and N conservation after 20% each based on local conventional irrigation and fertilization could improve the yields of wheat and sunflower, while did not influence the thousand kernel weight of wheat and sunflower. By combining the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the crop yields, the soil nitrogen flux through the lower soil boundary at 200 em depth under different N application modes was predicted by HYDRUS-1D model. Results showed that the optimum nitrogen application rate for the wheat yield was 176.52 kg hm-2 and 118.15 kg hm-2 for the sunflower yield in the demonstration area.

关 键 词：施氮模式 氮素流失 HYDRUS-1D 最佳施氮量 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S278[农业科学—农业基础科学]