北京水源保护地土壤重金属空间变异及污染特征  

Study on Spatial Variability of Soil Heavy Metals Environments and its Pollution Characteristics in Beijing Water Protective Area

作　　者：胡艳霞[1] 周连第[1] 魏长山 杜景龙 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院农业综合发展研究所,北京100097 [2]北京市密云县科学技术委员会,北京密云101500

出　　处：《土壤通报》2013年第6期1483-1490,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8132028)资助

摘　　要：应用传统统计，并采用地理信息系统（GIS）与地统计学相结合的方法，初步研究了密云水库一级保护区0-20cm、20～40cm、40—60em耕层和亚耕层土壤Cu、As、Pb、Ni、Cd、Hg、Zn等重金属的空间分布规律、垂直空间分布规律及其污染特征，结果表明：各层土壤重金属含量空间变异程度均为中等，它们具有一定的空间自相关格局，其含量虽然受到人为因素的影响，但还没有达到破坏其原有空间格局的程度；采用Kriging最优内插法得到了一级保护区内土壤养分含量的空间分布图，表明：研究区土壤不同层次上除M外，Hg、Cd、Cu、Zn、As、Ph具有相似的空间变异特征，表现为北高而东南低的空间分布格局。Hg、Cd、As三种重金属分别在白河流域及其支流不同土壤层次上的空间集中分布更为明显，这与白河流域矿产活动频繁及水土流失有关，而与干鲜果园、菜地、大田、消落地等不同的农地利用类型无关；根据地累积指数法评价表明，密云水库一级保护区内Pb、As、Hg、Cd、Cu、Zn等重金属尚未造成污染，而Cd已造成中度污染到强污染，而且Cd在亚表层出现了富集现象，应引起有关部门重视，加强管理和执法力度，防止盗采现象发生，做好一级保护区上游矿区环境的监测，及时进行尾矿修复治理工作。The spatial distribution and its pollution characteristics of Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, As, Pb and Ni for different layers at 0 ~ 20 cm, 20 ~ 40 cm, 40 ~ 60 cm soil depths were studied using methods of traditional statistics,geo-statistics and geo-accumulation index evaluation in Miyun Reservoir catchment. Results showed that soil heavy metals' coefficient of variation in topsoil and subsoil of this area were at middle level which reflected that they all had self-correlative structure, but did not destroy the original spatial structure although they have affected by human factors. The Kriging method is applied to calculate the unobserved points and is used to generate the contour map. The results illustrated that the spatial distribution of soil Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, As, Pb(except soil Ni) had the same spatial distribution character which was higher in the north and lower in the southeast of this area. Soil Hg, Cd and As contents were relatively higher in Bai Rivers and its branches drainage area in different soil layers which indicated that this was related with mine exploitation in the upriver of the area since 1980s, but was not related with the different land utilization mode such as orchard, vegetable and crops planting. The Geo-accumulation Index suggested that heavy metals like Pb, As, Hg, Cd, Cu and Zn did not caused contamination in the first protective area of Miyun Reservoir,but soil metal Cd was very serious to the middle and high pollution degree, the government should take an importance attention to this. The results can provide scientific basis for effective monitoring and management of heavy metal pollution in the protective area of Miyun Reservoir.

关 键 词：密云水源保护区 土壤重金属 空间变异 地统计学 GIS 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]