不同施肥对作物碳储量及土壤碳固定的影响  

Effect of Different Fertilization Practices on Crop Carbon Storage and Soil Carbon Sequestration

作　　者：尚辉[1,2] 孙智广 陈慧杰[1] 海江波[1,2] 黄亚萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2013年第11期65-70,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"计划(2013AA102902)

摘　　要：为研究不同施肥处理对土娄土—作物系统作物碳同化及土壤碳固定的影响，试验设置氮磷肥（NP）、70%氮磷肥 （70%NP）、50%氮磷肥（50%NP）、30%氮磷肥（30%NP）及不施肥（NF）5个处理，一直实行小麦—玉米轮作，前茬小麦秸秆还田、免耕，观测玉米的产量、玉米植株地上部位的储碳量，并于2012年6至9月采集土壤剖面样品和耕作层（ 0~20 cm） 土壤, 测定土壤总有机碳含量。结果表明：随着施肥量的减少，玉米产量和地上部位碳储量显著降低；施肥显著提高耕层土壤碳密度，而对全土碳密度没有显著影响。相关分析表明，土壤固碳量与作物碳储量呈显著的线性关系,这说明土壤有机碳积累主要与作物碳同化有关。因此，与作物产量直接关联的作物碳输入的增加是土壤中碳固定提高的重要途径。适当的施入氮磷肥对玉米碳同化和土壤碳固定有显著提高作用，是提高与稳定玉米产量和促进土壤固碳的双赢举措。当然,不同施肥下的差异效应可能与土壤—作物系统中碳分配和土壤生物活动有关。Effects of inorganic fertilizer application on soil productivity and carbon cycle are very important. The effects of different fertilization treatments on crop carbon assimilation and soil carbon sequestration were studied in this paper. The fertilization treatments were NP only（NP）, 70%NP, 50%NP and 30%NP, no fertilizer application（NF）. The trials had been implemented in the field with wheat corn rotation, less tilling, no tillage and straw returning. Maize yield, the carbon storage of aerial parts of maize plants were measured, and whole soil profile in different depth interval and topsoil samples （0-20 cm） after maize harvest were collected from June to September in 2012. Soil organic carbon （SOC） content of the samples was determine with the wet combustion method. Results show that：with the decrease of fertilization rate, maize yield and the ground part carbon storage significantly reduced;fertilization application significantly improved the topsoil carbon density, but did not affect the whole soil carbon density. Correlation analysis indicated that it was significantly linear between soil C sequestration rates and crop C storage. This suggested that the soil organic carbon accumulation was mainly relevant with crop carbon assimilation. Therefore, the increase of crop carbon input which directly associated with crop yield is an important means to improve the fixed carbon in the soil. Appropriate NP application can significantly enhance the soil carbon sequestration and maize carbon assimilation and improve and keep maize productivity. It is a win win measure. Of course, the differences under different fertilizations could be associated with the different C allocation and soil biological activity in soil crop system.

关 键 词：施肥措施 土壤固碳 玉米产量 碳储量 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]