新疆棉花超高产光合生理基础研究  

Research on Photosynthetic Physiological Basis of Cotton Superhigh Yield in Xinjiang

作　　者：李蒙春[1] 张旺锋[1] 马富裕[1] 吕新[1] 蒋桂英[1] 王克如[1] 李正尚 李正河 薛兆良 杨建武 段瑞平 刘忠元 陈忠良 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》1999年第4期276-282,共7页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家"九五"重中之重棉花科技攻关项目!(编号 :95 - 0 0 1- 0 4 - 0 2 )

摘　　要：1996～ 1999年对新疆棉花超高产 (皮棉 2 2 50kg·hm-2 以上 )光合性能研究结果表明 ,盛铃期群体光合速率 (CAP)生育期变化为单峰型曲线 ,盛花结铃期达最大值 4 .0 5gCO2 ·m-2 h-1 ,平均值为 2 .63gCO2 ·m-2 h-1 ,盛花、结铃、吐絮期的 CAP 与生物学产量、皮棉产量呈显著正相关。盛铃期叶面积指数最大值为 3 .7～ 3 .9。一天内棉叶净光合时间长达 13 .5h,早晚比普遍棉田光合延长 2 0min左右。未发现光合午休和光饱和现象。高产棉田夜间 (2 1:2 0 )呼吸速率最大值为 4 .33mgCO2 ·dm-2 h-1 ,平均值为 3 .0 0mgCO2 ·dm-2 h-1 ,分别比普通棉田低2 2 %和 17.6 % ,扣除呼吸消耗 ,净光合比普通棉田高 58.4 %。其呼吸消耗占白天总光合的 8.4 %。低于普通棉田 15.5 % ,也低于内地棉区 12 %～ 2 0 %。新疆高产棉田群体的库容量增加 ,光合产物的贮备能力强 ,生物学产量高达 1.14× 10 4～ 1.44× 10 4kg·hm-2 ,有效铃 (5g以上 )高达 12 0×10 4个·hm-2 ,经济系数 41.52 %～ 44 .1% ;单位叶面积的果节数、有效铃、生殖器官干重分别为10 4～ 137个·m-2 ,32～ 49个·m-2 ,0 .2 30 3～0 .3361kg·m-2 。源强库大 ,源库协调是新疆棉花高产的生理基础。The result of photosynthesis performance study of cotton superhigh yield (more than 2250 kg·hm -2 of ginned cotton) in Xinjiang in1996～1999 states clearly that photosynthesis rate of full bolling (CAP) in growth stages is one humped curve,the greatest value in full bolling reaches4.05 gCO 2 ·m -2 h -1 ,the average value is 2.63 gCO 2 ·m -2 h -1 ,CAP of full blooming, full bolling opening and biological and ginned cotton yield are clearly in positive correlation. The LAI greatest value of full bolling is 3.7～3.9.The photosynthesis time of leaf in a day is 13.5 h,in the morning and evening is about 20 min longer than average cotton field.Photosynt hesys noon break and saturation are not found.The greatest value of breath rate during night (21:20) is 4.33 mgCO 2 ·dm -2 h -1 ,average value is3.00 mgCO 2 ·dm -2 h -1 ,separately 22% and 17.6% less than average cotton field,except breath conume,only photosynthesis is 58.4% more than average cotton field.The breath consume is 8.4% of day photosynthesis is 15.5% less than average cotton field,also 12%～20% less than in inland.The storage capacity of high yield cotton field in Xinjiang is increased,storage capacity of photosy nthesis products is great,biological production is 1.14×10 4～1.44×10 4 kg·hm -2 ,effective cotton bolls (more than 5g) are 120×10 4 ·hm -2 ,eco nomic rate is 41.52%～44.1%;node of leaf area,effective cotton bolls,dry matter of reproductive organ separately are 104～137 in each square metre,32～49 in each square metre,0.2303～0.3361 kg in each square metre. The great source and storage are physiological basis of cotton high yield in Xinjiang.

关 键 词：棉花 超高产 光合生理 源库理论 新疆 

分 类 号：S562.01[农业科学—作物学]