四足爬行还是昂首挺胸:卢梭自然状态说新析  

Crouching or Standing: New Approach to Rousseau's Nature Theory

作　　者：李鑫诚 林伯海[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学政治学院,四川成都610031

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第6期37-41,共5页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：对于卢梭的自然状态说学界一直众说纷纭,争论主要围绕着卢梭思想中的"自然状态"是一种事实还是一种假设展开,因为卢梭在阐释其自然状态说的过程中,以独立而非理性的自然人假设代替合群且兼具理性的自然人假设,并得出"自然状态"实乃人类"黄金时代"的结论,继而又以"自然状态"作为逻辑前提来构思其社会契约理论。其实,这种看似混乱的思维正是缘于卢梭在现世关怀的基础上,立足于批判现实社会与构建理想政治秩序而赋予了自然状态双重内涵——历史自然状态与法理自然状态,其目的在于将历史自然状态作为标杆对异化社会进行批判,将法理自然状态作为其政治思想的出发点构建"理想国"。There is a wide spectrum of opinions on Rousseau＇s theory of nature state in academic community, and scholars＇ focus their discussions on the authenticity of nature state, indicating their divergences on whether the nature state of Rousseau＇s theory is a reality or a hypothesis. Because the hypothesis of social and rational primitive is replaced by that of the independent and irrational primitive in Rousseau＇s theory about nature state and be concludes that the nature state is the golden age in the history of people, he conceives his social contract theory on the premise of the nature state. In fact, the reason of Rousseau＇s seemingly chaotic thought is his intention to animadvert upon the reechy society and design the ideal political system. He thinks that there are two kinds of nature state： historical nature state and the nomological one based on the attention of reality. In other words, Rousseau criticizes the catabolic society on the strength of historical nature state and conceives Utopia on the foundation of nomologieal nature state.

关 键 词：卢梭 自然状态 历史自然状态 法理自然状态 政治哲学 社会契约理论 

分 类 号：D09[政治法律—政治学]