花粒期光照对夏玉米产量和籽粒灌浆特性的影响  

Effect of Light on Yield and Characteristics of Grain-Filling of Summer Maize from Flowering to Maturity

作　　者：史建国[1] 崔海岩[1] 赵斌[1] 董树亭[1] 刘鹏[1] 张吉旺[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2013年第21期4427-4434,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903003);国家自然科学基金项目(31271662);山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目;山东省玉米良种工程课题;山东省玉米育种与栽培技术企业重点实验室开放课题

摘　　要：【目的】针对近年来黄淮海夏玉米区太阳辐射不断减少的生产问题,探讨花粒期光照对夏玉米产量及籽粒灌浆特性的影响。【方法】以登海605(DH605)为试验材料,大田条件下设置花粒期遮阴(S)、花粒期增光(L)两个处理,遮光度为60%,阴天下增光的光照强度能达到80 000—100 000 lx,以自然光为对照(CK),研究花粒期光照对夏玉米产量和籽粒灌浆特性的影响。【结果】遮阴后夏玉米的产量、干物质积累量、最大灌浆速率均有不同程度的降低,而增光增加了夏玉米产量、干物质积累量和最大灌浆速率。连续两年遮阴处理的产量较对照分别降低了59.39%、79.03%,而增光则较对照分别增加了16.29%、12.93%。干物质积累量表现为L>CK>S,生育后期不同处理DH605的籽粒占干物质总量的比例差异显著,S、CK和L平均分别为22.92%、48.49%和51.80%。与CK相比,遮阴后籽粒最大灌浆速率减小,同时达到最大灌浆速率时的天数相对增加;增光则使籽粒最大灌浆速率提高,达到最大灌浆速率时的生长量增加。【结论】花粒期遮阴通过降低夏玉米的干物质积累量、籽粒最大灌浆速率,显著降低夏玉米产量;花粒期增光则通过增加夏玉米的干物质积累量、籽粒最大灌浆速率,显著提高夏玉米产量。[ Objective ] Owing to the solar radiation has decreased in North China Plain Area, this study is to explore the effects of light on yield and characteristics of grain-filling of summer maize from flowering to maturity stage.[ Method ]Denghai605 （DH605） was used as experimental material, two treatments of both shading （S） and increasing light （L） from flowering to maturity stage were arranged. The shading degree was 60% and the illumination intensity of the increasing light on cloudy day could reach 80 000- 100 000 Ix. One non-shading and non-increasing light treatment was used as control. Effects of light on yield and characteristics of grain-filling of summer maize from flowering to maturity stage were investigated.[ Result ]Yield, dry matter accumulation, maximum grain-filling rate decreased with different degrees, respectively, after shading from flowering to maturity stage; however, the yield, dry matter accumulation, maximum grain-filling rate increased after increasing light from flowering to maturity stage. Compared to CK, the yields of S were reduced by 59.39% and 79.03% in 2011 and 2012, while the yields of L were increased by 16.29% and 12.93% in two years. The dry matter in response to different treatments showed： L 〉 CK〉 S. The proportions of different treatments kernel in total dry matter accumulation of DH605 were significantly different during the late growing stage, and the mean values of S, CK and L were 22.92%, 48.49% and 51.80%, respectively. The grain-filling progress of shading and increasing light was obviously different. The maximum grain-filling rate of shading was lower than that of increasing light, and the days before the appearance ofmaximum grain-filling rate of shading lengthened, the growth increment when the grain-filling rate of increasing light reached its maximum increased. [ Conclusion ] Shading decreased the yield of summer maize by reducing the dry matter accumulation and maximum grain-filling rate; increasing light increased grain yield of summer maize by

关 键 词：夏玉米 遮阴 增光 籽粒灌浆 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]