日粮中不同蒙脱石添加量对奶牛瘤胃发酵及粪便发酵的影响  

Effects of different montmorillonite(MMT) additive amount on rumen and intestinal tract fermentation of dairy cows

作　　者：王聪[1,2] 周凌云[2] 李发弟[1] 卜登攀[2] 董淑慧[1,2] 赵海燕[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2013年第5期24-31,共8页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：农业部反刍动物饲料安全评价项目

摘　　要：试验旨在研究日粮中不同蒙脱石添加量(montmorillonite,MMT)对中国荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃发酵及粪便发酵的影响.选择75头健康中国荷斯坦奶牛(泌乳时间为181d、产奶量为29.18kg/d、胎次为2.2胎),根据产奶量、泌乳时间、胎次相近的原则,随机分成5组,每组15头,分为对照组(0%MMT)和质量分数为0.5%、1%、2.5%、5%MMT添加处理组.结果表明:日粮不同浓度MMT添加量对奶牛瘤胃及粪便pH没有影响.与对照组相比,日粮中添加0.5%、2.5%和5%MMT组极显著提高了瘤胃氨氮浓度(P<0.01),且微生物蛋白有升高的趋势,其中2.5%、5%MMT组微生物蛋白显著高于对照组(P<0.05);5%MMT组粪便氨氮浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05).2.5%和5%MMT组瘤胃乙酸摩尔比显著低于对照组(P<0.05),1%、2.5%和5%瘤胃异戊酸摩尔比显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而其他瘤胃发酵指标无显著变化(P>0.05);0.5%和1%MMT组奶牛粪便乙酸摩尔比极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),0%、2.5%和5%MMT组粪便丙酸摩尔比极显著高于1%MMT组(P<0.01),1%MMT组粪便乙酸/丙酸极显著高于0%、2.5%和5%组(P<0.01),其他粪便发酵指标均无显著差异(P>0.05).因此,在奶牛饲粮中添加MMT可以改变瘤胃发酵及粪便发酵环境,减少粪便臭气的排放,但MMT的添加量不宜超过2.5%.The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of different concentrations of montmorillonite （MMT） on rumen and intestinal tract fermentation of Holstein dairy cows. Based on the milk yield, lactation days, parity time with similar principle, 75 dairy cows were randomly divided into 5 groups （lactation days with 181 d,milk yield with 29. 18 kg/d,parity with 2. 2） ,and 15 dairy cows for each group. Cows in 5 treatments were supplemented with 0% （control group,CK）,0. 5%, 1% ,2. 5% ,and 5% of MMT. Results showed that adding different concentrations of MMT had no effects on rumen and intestinal tract pH. Compared with CK, the NH3-N concentration of 0. 5 %, 2. 5 % and 5% groups increased significantly in rumen （P〈0.01）. MCP concentration tended to increase as the increasing of MMT in diet. MCP concentration of 2.5% and 5% MMT groups were significantly higher than that of CK （P〈0.05）,NH3-N concen- tration in intestinal tract of 5% MMT group was significantly lower than that of CK （P〈0. 05）. Compared with CK, the molar percentage of acetate in 2.5% and 5% MMT groups were significantly decreased （P〈 0.05） ,while other rumen fermentation indexes had no significant change（P〉0. 05）. The molar percentage of acetate in 0. 5% and 1% MMT groups were significantly higher than that of other groups（P〈0.01）, the proportion of propionic acid in the intestinal tract of 0%, 2. 5% and 5% MMT groups were significantly higher than that of 1% MMT group （P〈0.01）, while acetic acid/acrylic acid in 1% MMT group was significantly higher than that in 0%,2.5% and 5% MMT groups （P〈0. 05）. The other intestinal tract fermentation indexes were not significantly effected（P〉0. 05）. Therefore, adding MMT in the diet for dairy cows could change rumen and intestinal tract fermentation, reduce the discharge of waste odor taste, and the amount of MMT addition should not be more than 2. 5%.

关 键 词：蒙脱石 奶牛 瘤胃发酵 粪便发酵 挥发性脂肪酸 微生物蛋白 

分 类 号：S823.9[农业科学—畜牧学]