半根干旱对成年“富士”苹果树水分运输和稳定同位素的影响  

Effects of Half-root Zone Drying on Water Transportation and Stable Isotope of Mature ‘Fuji' Apple Trees

作　　者：胥生荣[1] 刘富庭[2] 张永旺[2] 张林森[2] 胡景江[3] 韩明玉[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学生命学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《北方园艺》2013年第22期14-17,共4页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-28);农业部公益性行业专项资助项目(Nyhyzx07-024);陕西省科技厅重大攻关资助项目(2011KTZB02-02-05)

摘　　要：以13a生"富士"苹果树为试材,研究了黄土高原地区田间条件下全根干旱(NI)、半根干旱(PRD)与常规灌溉(CI)3种水分处理对成年苹果树水分运输和稳定同位素的影响。结果表明:随着干旱程度的增加,"富士"苹果的叶片导水率和枝条导水率逐渐下降,PRD和NI处理的叶片导水率与CI处理相比分别降低了13.27%和42.01%,PRD和NI处理的枝条导水率与CI处理相比分别降低了3.01%和34.36%;PRD处理的叶比导水率和枝条叶比导水率出现升高,分别比CI与NI处理高出14.33%、14.44%和41.23%、16.55%。氘和碳稳定同位素测定表明,PRD的长期水分利用效率均高于NI和CI处理;水分亏缺使植物对土壤水分的利用偏向于深层,提高了深层土壤水分对树体水分的贡献率。因此在西北半干旱地区分区灌溉能够在不影响苹果树体生理指标的前提下,应调整树体水分利用策略来提高水分利用效率。Taking thirteen-year-old ＇Fuji＇ apple tree as material,the effects of whole root zone drying （NI）,halbroot zone drying（PRD） and conventional irrigation（CI） on the water transportation and stable isotope of apple trees in the field conditons of the Loess Plateau were studied. The results showed that, the leaf and shoot hydraulic conductance had gradually declined as the degree of drought increased, leaf hydraulic conductance of PRD and NI reduced 13. 27G and 42. 01G,shoot hydraulic conductance of PRD and NI reduced 3. 01% and 34. 36% compared with that of CI. But compared with CI and NI,leaf area specific leaf hydraulic conductance and leaf area specific shoot hydraulic conductance of PRD were enhanced by 14. 33 % and 14. 44 ~,41. Z3 % and 16.55 ~ respectively. By deuterium and carbon stable isotopes analysis, the WUE of PRD was higher than that of NI and CI;water deficit increased utilization rate of deep soil moisture for plant,increased the rate of contribution of deep soil moisture to tree body moisture. This showed that PRD treatment can change the water use strategy and improve water use efficiency without influencing the apple tree normal physiological indices in the semiarid areas of Northwest China.

关 键 词：分区灌溉 稳定同位素 “富士”苹果 水力结构 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]