上海市27个行业职业病危害风险定量分析研究  

Quantitative Analysis on Occupational Disease Risks for 27 Industries in Shanghai

作　　者：朱素蓉[1] 戴云[1] 高金平[2] 吴世达[2] 陈良[2] 卢伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海市卫生局卫生监督所,上海200031 [2]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2013年第11期842-846,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：上海市公共卫生优秀学科带头人资助项目(编号:GWDTR201218)

摘　　要：[目的]运用定量方法分析上海市27个行业职业病危害风险。[方法]综合比较美国道化学公司火灾、爆炸危险指数评价法和英国帝国化学公司蒙德法，将行业固有危害性、接触危害性和职业危害作用3个系数相乘得到行业职业病危害风险系数。选取上海市1996--2003年职业卫生数据进行统计，分析上海市27个行业职业病危害风险。[结果]对上海市27个行业职业病危害风险的分析结果表明，职业病危害风险系数（R值）为0．0280-3．5811；汽车制造业的职业病危害风险相对最小，R值只有0．0280；玻璃及其制品制造业等3个行业的R值在3．0000～3．4999；皮革制造业的职业病危害风险相对最大，R值为3．5811。[结论]进行职业病危害风险定量分析要有相对足够的资料和合适的方法，本研究首次运用定量方法对一个地区一段时期的多个行业进行职业病危害风险分析。在20世纪经济结构调整中，上海市的汽车制造业、设备制造、化工等支柱行业的职业病危害风险得到相对控制，而玻璃、文教、日用五金以及皮革制品业的职业病危害凸显，职业病危害风险相对加大。[ Objective ] To analyze the occupational disease risks for 27 industries in Shanghai by a quantitative method. [ Methods ] Based on the ICI Mend and the Dew＇s methods, the risk coefficient of occupational diseases for each industry was calculated by multiplying coefficients of inherent hazard, exposure hazard, and occupational hazard effect. According to the 1996-2003 occupational health records, the occupational disease risks of 27 industries in Shanghai were analyzed. [ Results ] The risk coefficients of occupational disease of 27 industries in Shanghai ranged from 0.0280 to 3.581 1. The risk coefficient was found highest in the leather products manufacturing industry （3.581 1）, lowest in the automobile manufacturing industry （0.028 0）, and the range of 3.0000-3.499 9 included the manufacturing industries of glass products, culture and sports products, and hardware products. [ Conclusion ] Adequate data and appropriate quantitative method are critical to occupational disease risk assessment. It is the first study to analyze occupational disease risk of multiple industries by a quantitative method in one area in one period. The findings of risk distribution can be well explained by the Shanghai＇s economic restructuring during the end of last century when risks of occupational hazards in automobile manufacturing, equipment manufacturing, chemical, and other pillar industries are paid attention to and well under control, and in contrast the manufacturing of glass products, culture and sports related products, hardware products, and leather products are highlighted by more occupational hazards and greater risks.

关 键 词：定量方法 职业病危害风险 行业固有危害系数 接触危害系数 职业危害作用系数 职业病危险系数 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]