领事担保制探析  

Analysis on the Consular Guarantee System

作　　者：曹英[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《安徽史学》2013年第6期37-45,共9页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：湖南师范大学青年优秀人才培养计划项目<近代中外贸易冲突与政府及商人的应对举措研究>的阶段性成果;项目编号为2010YX02

摘　　要：领事担保制是中英《南京条约》及其附属条约规定的贸易稽查制度,是近代中国革新旧海关制度的首次尝试。这一制度由英国代表在条约谈判中提出,其目的是防止中国海关官吏的任意加征和非法勒索,并保护英国对华合法贸易的顺利开展。中英双方出于各自的利益考虑,都曾采取措施履行和维护这一制度,严防走私偷漏,但均以失败告终。领事担保制终结的直接原因是外国商人的走私,特别是鸦片走私,但其失败的根源是中英双方都缺乏有效的缉私保障。领事担保制存废的历史表明,清政府没能适应五口通商后新的贸易格局和国际形势的需要,没能及时建立起完善的对外贸易管理制度,以保障经济利益和国家主权。The consular guarantee system is a trade inspection system stipulated by the Nanjing Treaty and its subsidiary treaties. It is also the first attempt to reform at the old customs system in the modern Chinese history. It was put forward by the British representative, with the purpose of preventing British merchants from the arbitrarily imposition and illegal blackmail of the Chinese customs officials, and protecting the smooth development of British legitimate trade. The two sides, China and Britain, out of their respective interests, had taken measures to implement and maintain the system , and prevent smuggling and tax evasion, but failed. The direct cause of the system＇ s termination is the smuggling of foreign merchants, especially the smuggling of opium, but the root cause is the lack of an effective guarantee to suppress smuggling at the two sides. The exist- ence and abolition of the consular guarantee system shows that the Qing government could not adjust to the new trade patterns and international situation after the opening of five ports, and failed to establish a universal and perfect management system ap- plied to the foreign trade, in order to protect the economic interests and national sovereignty.

关 键 词：领事 担保 制度 

分 类 号：K253[历史地理—历史学]