江户时期日本的中国情报搜集活动——以朝鲜—对马渠道为例  

Japan's Activities for Gathering Intelligence on China in the Edo Period——Korea-Tsushima Route as an Example

作　　者：刘芳亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军外国语学院科研部,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《安徽史学》2013年第6期61-69,共9页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：锁国时代的日本绝非昧于知彼,相反其对外部世界一直保持着关注,尤其是针对中国展开了持久的情报搜集活动,为此特别设立了长崎、对马、萨摩三个窗口。其中,对马口的情报职责是从朝鲜打探中国情报并及时上报德川幕府,而其搜集方式基本可归为三类,即:对马藩主写信给朝鲜以索取情报、询问朝鲜派遣的问慰译官,以及以倭馆为据点搜集情报。虽然朝鲜—对马是一条比较稳定的情报渠道,但是朝鲜对日本抱有深刻的不信任感,加之考虑到对清政策,故而刻意删减情报、歪曲事实,这导致流入日本的中国情报多有错谬,质量不甚高。Even during the Edo Period, Japan kept a close eye upon the overseas situations. Three intelligence centers were established in Nagasaki, Tsushima, and Satsuma respectively, among which the Tsushima center was responsible for col- lecting intelligence on China through Korea and had direct access to shogunate. There are usually three methods of intelligence collection, governor of Tsushima writing to Korea for intelligence, inquiring for intelligence from Korea＇ s official interpreter of consolation, and using wakan as a base to gather intelligence. Though Korea - Tsushima is a relatively stable intelligence source, due to Korea＇ s mistrust of Japan and its foreign policies toward Qing Dynasty, the intelligence from Korea was often edited, cut and even distorted. For the above mentioned reasons, the intelligence that Japan obtained from Korea was seldom of high quality.

关 键 词：朝鲜 对马 宗义真 问慰译官 倭馆 情报 

分 类 号：K313.36[历史地理—历史学]