ICP-MS在城市道路尘土中非常规监测微量元素污染评价中的应用  

Application of ICP-MS in Assessing the Pollution of Seldom Monitored Trace Elements in City Roadside Dusts

作　　者：殷淑华[1] 高博[1] 李强[2] 周怀东[1] 王健康[3] 黄勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水环境研究所,北京100038 [2]华北水利水电学院资源与环境学院,河南郑州450011 [3]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2013年第12期3396-3401,共6页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体基金项目(51021066);国家重大科学仪器装备专项项目(2011YQ14015009)资助

摘　　要：采集了石河子城区32个站点的道路尘土样本,测定了样品中10种非常规监测微量元素(B,Be,Bi,Co,Ga,Li,Sb,Sn,T1,V)的含量。并采用地积累指数法、元素相关性分析和主成分分析法对尘土中的微量元素污染程度和来源进行了分析。结果表明:道路尘土中微量B,Be,Bi,Co,Ga,Li,Sb,Sn,Tl和V的平均含量分别为41.11,1.68,0.52,13.58,36.26,24.91,3.37,3.64,0.42,72.66 mg·kg^(-1)。其中,Co,Li和TI的平均含量均低于新疆土壤元素背景值,B,Be和V的平均含量和新疆土壤元素背景值相似,Bi,Ga,Sb和Sn的平均含量高于新疆和世界土壤元素背景值。地积累指数计算结果表明:B,Be,Co,Ga,Li,Tl和V污染级数为o,说明无污染,而Sb,Bi和Sn污染较为严重(污染等级分别为2,1,1)。元素相关性分析和主成分分析多元统计方法计算结果表明,Bi,Co,Sb和T1主要是人为来源,B,Be,Li和V主要是自然来源,而Ga和Sn可能受自然因素和人为因素的共同影响。Seldom monitored trace element concentrations in road dusts colleted from Shihezi City were studied. A total of 32 sampling stations were selected. The concentration of 10 seldom monitored trace elements （B, Be, Bi, Co, Ca, Li, Sb, Sn, T1, V） were determined. Their pollution degree and source identification were analyzed by using Geoaccumulation Index, correlation coefficient and principal factor analysis. The results indicated that the mean concentrations of Li, Be, B, V, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, T1 and Bi were 24. 91, 1.68, 41.11, 72. 66, 13.58, 36. 26, 3.64, 3.37, O. 42 and 0. 52 rng ~ kg-1 , respectively. The mean con- centrations of Li, T1, Co, Be, B, and V were lower than or similar to the soil background values of Xinjiang province. Howev- er, the mean concentrations of Ga, Sn, Sb and Bi were higher than the background values of Xijiang province and world soil. The results of Geoaccumulation Index indicated that the pollution degrees of Li, Be, B, V, CO, Ga and T1 were zero, and be- longed to the category of non-pollution. However the pollution of Sb, Bi and Sn were considerably serious, and their pollution grades were 2, 1 and 1 respectively. The souree of SMTEs in road dusts of Shihezi City was identified by multivariate statistics （principal component analysis and correlation analysis）. The results showed that Sb, CO, T1 and Bi mainly originated from hu- man activities, Li, Be, B, V represented natural sources, while Sn and Ga have the mixed sources of nature and human activi- ties.

关 键 词：非常规监测微量元素 道路尘土 地积累指数 污染源 石河子 

分 类 号：X821[环境科学与工程—环境工程]