肉骨粉替代鱼粉对吉富罗非鱼生长、体组成、消化和非特异性免疫能力的影响  

Replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal in diets for GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

作　　者：敬婷[1] 李洪琴 罗莉[1] 朱根廷[1] 罗浩 钱前[1] 孙玉轩[1] 李赞[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学动物科技学院水产系,淡水鱼类资源与生殖发育教育部重点试验室,重庆北碚400716 [2]新希望集团技术研发中心,成都610041

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2013年第6期51-56,共6页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费(XDJK2011C019);国家自然科学基金(NSFC31101909);重庆市自然基金(cstc2011jjA1570)

摘　　要：为研究肉骨粉替代鱼粉对罗非鱼（Oreochromisniloticus）生长性能、体组成、消化酶活性和免疫能力的影响，设计通过调节油脂以及补充包膜赖氨酸、蛋氨酸，分别形成等氮、等脂、等赖氨酸、等蛋氨酸的日粮，进行饲养比较试验。试验分4组，对照组（D1）饲料鱼粉含量为12％，试验组（D2～D4）饲料肉骨粉分别替代鱼粉33．33％（D2）、66．67％（D3）、100％（D4）。试验选取体重（24．91±0．06）g的罗非鱼360尾，随机分为4组，每组3个重复，每个重复30尾，试验期为56d。结果显示：试验组（D2～D4）增重率、特定生长率和饲料系数、内脏比、肥满度、全鱼水分、粗蛋白质与对照组差异不显著，全鱼粗脂肪含量逐渐下降。肉骨粉替代鱼粉33．33％、66．67％和100％后，胃蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组，肠蛋白酶活性与对照组差异不显著；替代组肠淀粉酶活性显著低于对照组，替代组之间差异不显著；肠脂肪酶活性差异不显著。罗非鱼对肉骨粉的干物质、蛋白及脂肪的表观消化率都显著低于鱼粉。血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和溶菌酶（LYZ）在66．67％替代组最高，显著高于对照组和33．33％、100％替代组；丙二醛（MDA）含量66．67％替代组最低。肉骨粉替代鱼粉66．67％可以显著提高罗非鱼抗氧化能力和免疫能力。结果表明：罗非鱼日粮中肉骨粉替代鱼粉不影响罗非鱼的生长性能、体组成，不会降低胃、肠蛋白酶活性及机体免疫能力，可以全部替代鱼粉。This experiment was conducted to study effects of substituting fish meal （ FM ） with meat and bone meal （MBM） on growth performance, body composition, antioxidant capacity and immunity, digestive enzymes activity and apparent digestibility of tilapia. Four isonitrogenoursly, isolipidicly and equivalent Lys and Met diets were formulated by supplemented with oil and coated Lys and Met. The control group （ D1 ） feed contained 12% FM, and the other ones contained 4% （D2）, 8% （D3）, 12% （D4） MBM respectively（relaeing 33.33%, 66. 67%, 100% of FM respectively）. 360 tilapia （ initial body weight 24. 91 _＋ 0. 10 g） were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 3 replicates in each treatment and 30 fish per replicate. After an 56 - day trial, the results show that ： 1 ） There were no significant differences between the control group （D1） and the replacing group （D2 -D4 ） on weight gain rate （WGR） , specific growth rate （SGR） , feed conversion rate （FCR） and condition factor, viscera index （P 〉0. 05）. Compared with the control group （D1） , the carcass lipid of the fish body composition decreasd with increasing dietary MBM and no significant differences were showed on the carcass protein and moisture （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. Compared with D1, the pepsin activity was significantly higher at 33.33%, 66.67% and 100% （P 〈0. 05）. No significant differences were observed between the three treatments and D1 for the intestinal protease activity （ P 〉 0. 05 ）, while the the three treatments had significant differences （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The intestinal amylase aetivity decreased significantly, while the lipase activity was not significantly different. And no significant differences were observed between the three treatments for the intestinal amylase activity. The SOD and lysozyme were significantly reached the maximum at the 66. 67%, while the MDA reached the minimum at the 66. 67%. Indicate that the antioxidant capaeity and immunity of tilapia significantly

关 键 词：肉骨粉 鱼粉 吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus) 生长 免疫 

分 类 号：S963.7[农业科学—水产养殖]