氮肥类型和用量对冬小麦品质的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer types and input rates on winter wheat quality

作　　者：孙文彦[1,2] 赵秉强[1] 田昌玉[2] 李娟[1] 林治安[2] So H B 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院德州盐碱土改良实验站,山东德州253015 [3]Environmental Futures Center,Griffith University

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2013年第6期1297-1311,共15页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：European Community financial participation for the Integrated Project(NUE-CROPSFP7-CP-IP222645);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-03);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(202-14)资助

摘　　要：在连续4年有机无机氮肥配施试验基础上,设置不同冬小麦品种研究氮肥类型(无机肥氮、有机肥氮以及有机肥氮与无机肥氮配施)和用量(N 0、45、90、120、180和240 kg/hm2)对冬小麦子粒品质的影响。结果表明,中穗型品种石麦15和大穗型品种潍麦8的子粒产量和各项品质指标差异显著,其中石麦15的产量、沉降值、形成时间和稳定时间分别比潍麦8高12.62%、5.09%、5.85%、25.35%,而粗蛋白、湿面筋和吸水率则比潍麦8显著低11.03%、15.51%、5.49%。子粒产量、粗蛋白、湿面筋和沉降值及形成时间与植株吸氮量极显著正相关,吸水率和稳定时间与植株吸氮量的相关性较差。单施无机氮180 kg/hm2(0/180处理)和240 kg/hm2(0/240处理)及有机无机氮配施240 kg/hm2(120/120处理)植株吸氮量最高且三者差异不显著,而单施有机氮240 kg/hm2(240/0处理)植株吸氮量显著低于0/180、0/240和120/120处理。施氮量小于240 kg/hm2时等氮量比较,单施无机氮吸氮量大于有机无机配施,单施有机氮最小;且施氮量越低,不同施氮类型间吸氮量差异越小。两品种均在单施无机氮180和240 kg/hm2时产量最高且各项品质指标最优,有机无机氮配施120/120处理对比等量无机氮单施0/240处理产量不降低且品质指标不下降,单施有机氮240/0处理产量和子粒品质都较0/240和120/120处理差;施氮量低于240 kg/hm2时,单施无机氮处理的产量和各项品质指标优于有机无机配施,有机无机配施又优于单施有机氮,这与有机肥供氮不足有关。A 4 years organic and inorganic N combined application experiment was conducted to study the effects of N input types and rates on the grain yield and quality of different winter wheat cultivars. Three N input types （organic N, inorganic N, organic N combined with inorganic N） , six N input rates（N 0, 45,90, 120, 180, 240 kg/ha） and two winter wheat cultivars（Shimai 15 and Weimai 8） were selected in this paper. The results showed that cuhivars, N input types and rates had significant effects on grain yield and quality parameters. The grain yield, sedimentation value, development time, stability time of Shimai 15 were 12. 62%, 5.09%, 5.85%, 25.35% higher than those of Weimai 8, crude protein, wet gluten and water absorption of Shimai 15 were 11.03%, 15.51% , 5.49% lower than those of Weimai 8. The grain yield, crude protein, wet gluten, sedimentation value and development time were significantly positive correlated with plant N uptake, while the water absorption and stability time had low correlations with plant N uptake. The treatments of 0/180 and 0/240（ inorganic N 180 and 240 kg/ha） had the highest plant N uptakes and grain yields and improved grain quality which were also true in the treatment of 120/120（combined organic N 120 kg/ha with inorganic N 120 kg/ha）. When organic N was single applied, all the high（240 kg/ha）, middle（ 120 kg/ha） and low（45 kg/ha） N input rates had the lowest plant N uptake and grain yields and quality compared to the same N input rate of inorganic N single application and organic and inorganic N combined application due to the low nitrogen supply capacity of manure.

关 键 词：氮肥类型 施氮量 冬小麦 子粒品质 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]