冷战期间美国国会监督隐蔽行动的运作方式  

A Study on the Specific Operation Modes of U.S.Congressional Oversight to Covert Action during Cold War

作　　者：刘磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2013年第6期135-142,共8页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：2013年度国家社科基金西部项目"美国国会情报监督机制研究"(13XSS009);2011年度教育部人文社会科学研究西部和边疆地区青年基金项目"美国国会对隐蔽行动的监督研究"(11XJC770003)

摘　　要：作为三权分立制衡政治体制下的立法机构,美国国会依据其宪政权力,从20世纪70年代以来日益转向积极地监督隐蔽行动,主动寻求参与隐蔽行动决策过程,在实践中逐步发展确立起国会监督隐蔽行动的各种具体运作方式:国会利用其预算拨款权、立法权和参议院的人事任命"同意权",确立起包括各类年度预算和拨款授权法案、各种有关隐蔽行动决策的监督程序立法以及参议院通过干预人事任命影响隐蔽行动的三种横向监督方式;从纵向方面来说,国会对隐蔽行动的监督涵盖了一项隐蔽行动从计划到实施直至结束的整个过程。这表明美国国会对隐蔽行动的监督已基本实现制度化和法制化。Being the legislature in a political system of U.S. separation of powers, on the basis of its constitutional power, the Congress, since the middle of 1970s, increasingly turns to oversee covert actions and participates in their decision-making process actively, and in the practice of oversight, congress gradually develops several kinds of specific operation modes for oversight to covert actions： In horizontal direction, using its budget right, legislative power, and the personnel appointed to agree with Senate authority, congress sets up three kinds of formal modes of congressional oversight, including budget and appropriation authorization bills, all kinds of congressional oversight laws to relevant covert action decision-making procedures, and senate intervention of personnel appointments. From the vertical ways, congressional oversight consists of supervising the whole process of a covert action from planning to implementation. This means that the oversight of the U.S. congress to covert action has basically realize its institutionalization and legalization.

关 键 词：美国国会 隐蔽行动 中央情报局 监督 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学] K712[政治法律—中外政治制度]