大美洲鸵人工孵化技术研究  

Study on the Artificial Incubation Techniques of Greater Rhea(Rhea americana)

作　　者：杨天春[1] 黄康宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海动物园,上海200335

出　　处：《野生动物》2013年第6期342-345,共4页

摘　　要：大美洲鸵，现已被列入IUCN世界濒危动物红色名录（NT）。近年来，众多动物园饲养管理人员对大美洲鸵的饲养管理进行了深入的研究，但有关大美洲鸵人工孵化技术的研究尚属于空白阶段。本研究基于1998年至今的孵化经验和实践操作，着重从大美洲鸵卵的处理、孵化前准备及孵化技术3个方面内容进行探讨。研究显示：1）种卵的新鲜度、形状、大小、重量、卵壳厚度、消毒过程等因素对孵化成功率有直接影响：2）待孵的大美洲鸵的种卵，贮存温度控制在15～20℃间，相对湿度约70％～75％，入孵时必须对种卵进行6h左右的预热处理；3）大美洲鸵的孵化温度宜控制在36．3—36．8℃，可随冬夏环境温度做±0．2℃的调整，孵化湿度宜控制在48％～60％左右；4）通风凉卵应以箱体内温度为准，而非时间长短，一般当箱体内温度降至25～28℃时，可关闭箱门，继续孵化；5）翻卵可通过机器自动控制，每2h1次，全天设定为12次；6）通过照卵查看胚胎的发育状况，以便及时调整孵化方案。一般入孵前照卵1次，孵化中期每周照卵1次，落盘后每天照卵1次；7）“人工助产”可进一步提高出雏率，但要注意“火候”。Greater Rhea （ Rhea americana ） is listed in the IUCN Red List as near threatened. In recent years, in - depth re-search on greater rhea feeding and management has been conducted by many zoo researchers, but study of artificial incubation techniques for greater rhea are not reported. Our study focused on egg management, preparation of artificial incubation and the process of hatching. We conclude that the freshness, shape, size, weight, thickness of shell, and the process of egg disin-fection all had a direct influence on hatching. Greater rhea eggs that are prepared for hatching should be stored at temperatures of 15 -20℃ and relative humidity of 70%-75%. The incubated eggs must be preheated for about 6 hours. The incubator temperature should be controlled at 36. 3-36. 8℃ with a _＋ 0. 2℃ adjustment for winter and summer temperatures, and the in-cubation humidity should be controlled at around 48% - 60%. Ventilation and cooling of the eggs should be based on the tem-perature inside the incubator, rather than on length of incubation time. Generally, when the temperature is at 25 -28℃, close the door, and continue incubation. Turning of eggs can be controlled automatically by the machine, once every 2 hours for 12 times per day. Monitoring by candling of embryo development is important. In general, before incubation, monitor eggs by candling one time. During incubation candle eggs once each week. When the beak of the embryo breaks through the shell membrane, monitor one time. The incubation program can be adjusted according to the results. This approach to egg management during incubation can improve hatching rates but the extent of handling must be carefully regulated.

关 键 词：卵 消毒 温度 湿度 孵化 

分 类 号：S865.3[农业科学—野生动物驯养]