四种典型稻田除草剂对烟草生长的影响  

Effects of 4 typical paddy herbicides on growth of tobacco

作　　者：张倩[1,2] 宋超[1,2] 相振波[1,2] 刘少云[3] 闫晓阳[1,2] 杨立强[1,2] 李义强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所/国家烟草专卖局病虫害监控与综防重点实验室,青岛266101 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]青岛农业大学农学院,青岛266109

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2013年第5期82-88,共7页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局重点项目(TS-06-20110039;110200902073)

摘　　要：针对全国烟稻轮作区稻田除草剂残留对下茬烟草生产造成严重药害的状况,通过室内初筛和大田试验研究了4种稻田常用除草剂对烟草生长的致畸剂量、药害症状和生理活性的影响。试验结果表明:二氯喹啉酸对烟草畸形症状随着剂量增加呈现明显梯度变化,株高、叶长、叶宽均有影响,对叶宽影响尤为明显,致畸剂量为2×10-3mg/kg;苄嘧磺隆和吡嘧磺隆对烟草叶长、叶宽影响较小,对株高影响严重,致畸剂量为0.5×10-3mg/kg;氰氟草酯按照水稻推荐剂量的16倍用药,对株高、叶长、叶宽的抑制率较小。由于二氯喹啉酸、苄嘧磺隆和吡嘧磺隆对烟草根系抑制严重,根鲜重、根系活力和根系阳离子交换量随施药浓度加大,抑制逐步增强。建议烟田前茬烟田前茬应尽量避免使用二氯喹啉酸和磺酰脲类除草剂。Effects of 4 kinds of paddy herbicides on teratogenic dosage, phytotoxicity symptoms, and biological activity of tobacco growth were studied by indoor initial screen and field experiments. Results showed that quinclorac affected height, leaf length and especially leaf width of tobacco plant, whose teratogenic dosage was 2 ~ lff3mg/kg. Bensulfuron-methyl and pyrazosulfuron had little effect on leaf length and width, but had significant effect on plant height, whose teratogenic dosages were both 0.5 X 10-3mg/kg. Cyhalofop-butyl had little effect on plant height, leaf length and width, even when the dosage was 16 times of that used in paddy field. Due to the inhibition of quinclorac, bensulfuron-methyl and pyrazosulfuron on tobacco root system, which caused the changes of physiological indices such as roots activity and cation exchange capacity, the greater the spraying concentration, the greater the inhibition effects to tobacco. Therefore, field application of quinclorac and sulfonylurea herbicides should be avoided prior to tobacco cultivation.

关 键 词：除草剂 烟草 药害 生长抑制 

分 类 号：S451.2[农业科学—植物保护]