产权清晰与交易费用——以广州垃圾收费制度为例  

Property Right Clearness and Transaction Costs:A Case Study of Garbage Charge System in GuangZhou

作　　者：袁庆明[1] 吕翔翔 

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学经济学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《江西财经大学学报》2013年第6期5-12,共8页Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"过剩条件下促进经济适度发展的结构优化理论与对策研究"(13CJL015)

摘　　要：产权清晰的本质,就是在产权主体明确的情况下,一项资产在其运行过程中能否做到主体拥有的权责利的一致,并保证资产的价值保值和增值。如果归属于自然人的产权不能做到权责利的高度一致,其资产的价值也会出现贬值、不能得到有效利用或者被滥用的情况,这时,即使其产权归属的主体是唯一的自然人,其产权仍然是不清晰的。这意味着,归属于自然人的产权有时候仍然需要不断地清晰其产权。在解决居民丢垃圾的问题上,按月收取固定费用的制度、按袋收费的制度和按重量收费的制度这三种产权安排的清晰度不断提高,其在减少居民丢垃圾的数量的效果上也是越来越好,但其实施成本(即交易费用)也在不断提高。要使垃圾按重量收费的制度实施得更有成效,大力加强宣传教育、提高广大市民的素质必不可少。The essence of property right clearness is, under the conditions of clear entities of property right, whether a property can reach the comformity of the right, responsibility and interest owned by the entity during the process of its operation, and ensure the maintenance and appreciation of the value of the property. If the property right belonging to a natural person cannot reach the high conformity of the right, responsibility and interest, this property will be devalued, not used effectively, or abused. At that moment, even if the main body of property right is the only natural person, the property right is still not clear. This means that the property right belonging to a natural person has to be constantly clarified sometimes. As for the issue of gsarbage throwing by the residents, the clear- ness of the three kinds of property right arrangements, i.e., the system of fLxed garbage charges by month, the system of charging by bags and the system of charging by wieight, is continuously im- proving, its effect on reducing the quantity of rubbish thrown by the residents is getting better and better, but its implementation cost （i.e., the transaction cost） has been on the rise. In order to have more effective implementation of the system of garbage charging by weight, it is essential to vigor- ously strengthen publicity and education and to improve the quality of the general public.

关 键 词：产权清晰 制度 垃圾 收费 交易费用 

分 类 号：F069.9[经济管理—政治经济学]