农牧民响应政府主导生态建设工程的外部不经济性——以江西山江湖和青海三江源为例  

Negative External Effect of Farmers and Herdsmen'Response to Government Leading Ecological Construction Projects: A Comparative Analysis of Mountain-River-Lake of Jiangxi and Three-River Headwaters of Qinghai

作　　者：邵景安[1] 邵全琴[2] 芦清水[3] 黄麟[2] 匡文慧[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学地理科学学院,重庆400047 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,山东烟台264003

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2013年第11期1879-1890,共12页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"江西省人工林生产力变化及其对冰雪冻害的响应研究"(D011004);国家科技支撑"三江源区生态环境星地一体化监测关键技术"(2009BAC61B01)

摘　　要：选择两大典型的生态建设工程,使用参与式农村评估方法,从农牧民认知的角度,旨在查明可能诱发的外部不经济性,结果表明:①山江湖区农户参与行为的直接外部不经济性易于调整,而三江源区的则很难受控调节;②山江湖区农户参与行为的潜在外部性主要受外出转产参与或就地寻找新生计来源渠道所驱动,而三江源区虽然牧民畜群结构、成年母畜比例等也受草地退化的胁迫,但它们与草地退化间的关系内生性较强;③山江湖区农户对管理行为介入所诱发的大概率外部不经济性有更为清醒的认识且能科学定性评价,而三江源区牧民转产所导致的大概率外部不经济性则很可能促使移民选择返牧;④山江湖区农户参与行为调整带来的小概率外部不经济性体现为气候变化的驱动,具有不可抗拒性,而三江源区牧民行为调整所诱发的小概率外部不经济性则受外部经济或产业引进的影响,有一定的可调控性。研究有助于弄清两大生态建设工程中农牧民参与行为所诱发外部不经济性的可比性及适应性行为调整的可借鉴性。This paper selected two typical ecological construction projects as the object, i.e., Mountain-River-Lake of Jiangxi and Three-River Headwaters of Qinghai, to identify the neg- ative external effect induced possibly by farmers and herdsmen＇ participation under the dif- ferent ecological construction periods, using participatory rural appraisal method from farmers and herdsmen cognitive perspective. These results showed： 1） The direct negative externality resulted from farmers＇ behavior was easily adjusted in Mountain-River-Lake area, while that induced by herdsmen＇ participation was difficult to control and regulate in Three-River Headwaters area. 2） The potential negative externality of farmers＇ behavior was mainly driven by exogenous variable in Mountain-River-Lake area, e.g., migrant workers resulted in the increase of wild boar and forest fire, and the mountain trees suffered massive damage due to an increase of rats induced by snake hunting. Although herd structure and adult female ratio were also affected by grassland degradation in Three-River Headwaters area, the relationship between them and grassland degradation presented stronger endogenous. 3） Farmers could understand more clearly strong probability negative externality resulted from farmers＇ management behavior intervention, and evaluate it scientifically and qualitatively in Mountain-River-Lake area. Strong probability negative externality caused by herdsmen＇ engagement in secondary and tertiary industries could become income gap in Three-River Headwaters area, via to the differences of herdsmen＇ culture, ability, customs, and so on. Under such environment, it was easy to return herd for herdsmen. 4） Small probability negative externality induced by farmers＇ behavior adjustment in Mountain-River-Lake area was determined by forest which was a disadvantaged industry. Namely, it was driven by climate change, and possessed irresistible features. But, to some extent, the disaster losses caused by it could be relatively reduced,

关 键 词：外部不经济性 农牧民响应 生态建设工程 政府主导 山江湖 三江源 

分 类 号：F323.22[经济管理—产业经济]