太湖流域农户环境友好型技术采纳行为及其环境和经济效应评价——以测土配方施肥技术为例  

Farm Households' Adoption Behavior of Environment Friendly Technology and the Evaluation of Their Environmental and Economic Effects in Taihu Basin—Taking Formula Fertilization by Soil Testing Technology as an Example

作　　者：罗小娟[1,2] 冯淑怡[1] 石晓平[1] 曲福田[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学公共管理学院,南京210095 [2]江西师范大学江西经济发展研究中心,南昌330022

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2013年第11期1891-1902,共12页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(70833001;70803019);教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"(NCET-10-0494;NCET-10-0474);中央高校基本科研业务费(KYZ201167)

摘　　要：论文基于太湖流域上游地区221户水稻生产农户调查数据,利用Probit模型分析了农户采纳测土配方施肥技术的影响因素,然后构建投入需求和产出供给方程,评价了测土配方施肥技术采纳的环境和经济效应。研究表明,平均年龄越小、家庭耐用资产状况越好以及上一年与农技推广人员接触次数越多的农户,越倾向于选择测土配方施肥技术,而受教育年限较少或较多的农户都不愿意选择该技术。测土配方施肥技术确实能够起到降低化肥施用量和提高水稻产量的双重作用,控制其他条件,测土配方施肥技术采用率每增加1%,化肥施用量降低0.09%(0.45 kg/hm2),而水稻单产提高0.04%(2.91 kg/hm2)。若研究区域实现测土配方施肥全面推广应用,将可进一步减少化肥用量34.91 kg/hm2,同时提高水稻产量223.98 kg/hm2,具有较可观的环境和经济效应。但是测土配方施肥技术的实际推广进程缓慢,项目管理实施也不够规范,为此,有必要加大测土配方施肥技术研究投入,加强对技术的宣传和培训工作,同时结合示范户的榜样作用,以点带面促进该技术的深入推广和规范实施。Based on the data collected from 221 rice producing households located in the upper reaches of the Taihu Basin, this paper firstly analyzed driven forces that affect the farm households＇ adoption of formula fertilization by soil testing technology using the Probit model, and then evaluated their environmental and economic effects by estimating input demand and output supply functions, respectively. Research results indicate that younger households and households with better durable asset conditions and contacting more frequently with extension staffs last year are more likely to adopt formula fertilization by soil testing technology. While less and highly educated households are reluctant to adopt this technology. Formula fertilization by soil testing technology can indeed reduce chemical fertilizer use and increase rice yield. Keeping other variables constant, each 1% increase of the formula fertilization by soil testing technology adoption possibility may lead to 0.09% reduction of fertilizer use amount （about 0.45 kg/hm2） and 0.04% growth of rice yield （around 2.91 kg/hm2）. In our research area, if all the households can apply this technology, the use of chemical fertilizer will further reduce 34.91 kg/hm2 and the yield of rice will increase 223.98 kg/hm~, indicating very good environmental and economic effects. However, the promotion of formula fertilization by soil testing technology processes slowly in reality, what＇s worse, the implementation of this project management is not standard enough either. It is therefore necessary to increase the technical research investments and strengthen the propaganda and training of formula fertilization by soil testing technology, meanwhile fully exert the role of the demonstration households, in order to promote thorough extension and proper implementation of formula fertilization by soil testing technology.

关 键 词：测土配方施肥技术 工具变量法 太湖流域 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济]