北京商人的历史档案与移民人生  

Historical Archives and Migrant Life Stories of Beijing Chengwenhou

作　　者：董晓萍[1] 蓝克利 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学民俗典籍文字研究中心 [2]法国高等社会科学研究院

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第6期62-69,156,共8页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"我国文化软实力发展战略研究"(07&ZD037)

摘　　要：城市商业现代化研究的一个基本问题是家族私人企业的位置和作用,为此需要关注城乡社会结构中的中小商号的特征。在北京老字号成文厚的个案中,其历史档案和移民史料之丰富出人意料,但内容也相当庞杂,尽管如此,它们仍能帮助我们思考一些有意思的问题,如以往学者对山东向东北移民的劳动力问题关注较多,而对东北对山东的商业影响关注较少;对移民商人的海上路线关注较多,而对铁路沿线城市关注较少;对山东与东北和华北大区域的联系关注较多,而对连接两个大区域的北京、天津和大连三个具体城市的联系关注较少。现在关注这些被忽略的问题会发现,这类中小商号经历战争、社会事变和家族股份变更,实际上演绎了一种与稳定商业环境中颇为不同的商业口述史。这种研究会与研究者所习惯的思路发生冲突,这就要求研究者去考察中小商号在诸多不确定因素中获得商业发展的例子,同时要求把商人与商业环境互动的各种线索重新加以梳理,按照中小商人自身的生活路线去思考,找出其中有价值的问题。它还提示我们,动态商业史是另一种历史的骨髓,特别是在具有传统与现代撕裂性的中小商号中尤其如此,所以要重视这方面的资料并加以利用。这种工作的意义不在于它的结论,而在于它给予这一研究过程和方法的提示。Historical research on the modernization of urban commerce has also to pay attention to the status and the role of the private firms created by rural families. Therefore,it is important to investigate the special pattern of the medium and small businesses structurally linked to both countryside and city. The case of the Beijing old-firm Chengwenhou is documented by several historical archives and rich materials related to migrants. In spite of a jumble of data,some new aspects can be approached: scholars have already devoted many studies to the transfer of manpower from the Shandong province to the North-East region,but very few studies focus on the impact of the North-East on the Shandong province in terms of commerce; there are many analyses on the sea route followed by the merchants migrating from the Shandong,but almost no study on the role of the cities along the railway; the relations between the Shandong province and the two regions of the North-East and the Huabei are quite well studied,but not the concrete relations between the three big cities of Beijing,Tianjin and Dalian which connected the two regions together. By focusing on these new questions,we can uncover how these medium and small firms could survive the war and social turmoil,and why they made transfer of company shares within the family. In brief,this kind of study can lead us to depict their business experience in rather different terms than the other firms which developed their activities in a more stable environment,and to express some conclusions rather different from those drawn by traditional approaches. To raise new valuable questions and reach new conclusions,we should investigate various cases of medium and small firms developing their activities in a risky environment,and then we need to reexamine the interaction between the businessmen and this uncertain business environment from the perspective of the personal and concrete life of the manager. This is a crucial aspect of the dynamics of business history. Hence,we have to pay atten

关 键 词：动态商业史 北京成文厚 家族企业传统 历史档案 移民生活 

分 类 号：F729[经济管理—产业经济] C92-09[社会学—人口学] G275.1[文化科学—档案学]