“自私自利”与“纯乎天理”——黄宗羲人性论的政治学分析  

Selfishness and The Theory of Good Nature: The Political Analysis of Huang Zongxi’s Humanity Theory

作　　者：顾家宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国学院

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第6期93-99,157,共7页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：黄宗羲的人性论存在着"自私自利"与"性善论"两大论题,两者各自因应了明清之际秩序重建的两大主题:解构专制皇权以保障民财民产,在商品经济发达的社会背景中维系道德伦理。在黄宗羲的秩序规划中,处理两者之间张力的途径,一是在形而上层面改造程朱理学的性二元论,缓解理气、性情之间的对立紧张;二是以"絜矩之道"为原则,确立起一套保障民生的新制度论以沟通理、欲。"自私自利"着眼于对民财民命之保障,而"性善论"则指向对于有位者的道德要求,两者分置于不同层面,共同为一种着眼于天下之公而保持儒家道德传统的新秩序构建提供人性论基础。Selfishness and The Theory of Good Nature were two main themes in Huang Zongxis theory of humanity. They are both readjustments in accordance to the two main subjects of the reconstruction of order: deconstruction the autocratic imperial power to protect the wealth of people and maintaining the moral ethics in the commercial society of late Ming dynasty. As for Huang Zongxi,there were two methods to solve the tension between these two themes. For one thing,in the metaphysical level,he transformed the dualism of nature of Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucians into the monism of nature so as to relieve the tension of opposition between Li and Qi, Xing and Qing. For another thing,basing on the doctrine of Xieju,he conceived a new institutions theory which aimed at guarantee the livelihood of people to relieve the tension between moral principle and nature desire. Selfishness focused on guarantee the wealth of people,while The Theory of Good Nature aims at the moral requirements of the governors,such as the emperor and scholar officials. These two different themes of Huang Zongxis theory of humanity have been laid in different layers,providing the humanity basic of a new public-oriented order which preserves the moral tradition of Confucianism.

关 键 词：黄宗羲 自私自利 纯乎天理 性善论 

分 类 号：D092[政治法律—政治学]