生物炭及其固定化微生物对垃圾堆肥的除臭增效作用(英文)  

Foul Smell Elimination and Fertilizer Efficiency Enhancement of Composting by Immobilizing Bacterial on Biochar

作　　者：陈朝晖[1] 张涵[2] 陈平[2] 赏国锋[2] 刘亮[2] 沈国清[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海应用技术学院外国语学院,上海200235 [2]上海交通大学农业与生物学院资源与环境系,上海200240

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2013年第32期9592-9597,9618,共7页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD15B03);上海市科委(13dz1913500)资助

摘　　要：将环境中越来越多的废弃物变废为宝,一直是人们研究的热点和难点。利用廉价生物质废弃物,采用微波热解制备出了具有高吸附性能的生物炭;并采用富集培养方法,从垃圾填埋场中筛选出一株除臭细菌Pl—1,经16s rDNA鉴定为壤霉菌。在此基础上,采用载体结合法将除臭菌吸附固定在生物炭上,开展了垃圾堆肥生物炭除臭增效技术研究。结果表明,微波热解制备生物炭具有快速、均匀和高效的优点,制备的生物炭不仅可以吸附污染物;而且通过固定除臭细菌Pl—1对垃圾堆肥中恶臭物质NH3和H2S的去除效率可达81.6%和90.2%。堆肥产品的肥效与生物炭施用量密切相关,具有低剂量刺激高剂量抑制的现象;其中,堆肥微生物呼吸强度剂量效应关系方程为Y=-0.018X2+0.665 5X+5.072 3。Transforming waste into valuable materials is an important and difficult challenge considering the in- creasing amount of waste discharged into the environment. An environment-friendly microwave pyrolysis device for bioehar production is designed and created. Biochars with high adsorption performance were prepared from agricul- tural and river wastes. The deodorizing bacteria strain Pl--1 was selected from a landfill. This soil mold was identi- fied based on the 16 s rDNA gene sequence. A method for foul smell elimination and fertilizer efficiency enhance- ment during composting by biochars with deodorizing strains was implemented. The results indicated that the micro- wave pyrolysis device is rapid, uniform, and highly efficient. The biochars not only adsorb the pollutants, but also eliminate gas odor and enhance fertilizer efficiency. The removal percentages of H2 S and NHawere 81.6% and 90. 2% , respectively. The fertilizer efficiency of the compost product depends on the application rate of the bio- chars, which induced stimulation and inhibition at low and high doses, respectively. The dose-to-soil respiration in- tensity is Y= -0. 018X2 ＋ 0. 665 5X ＋ 5.072 3. These results indicate that the biochar application rate is the most important factor during biochar application.

关 键 词：生物炭 堆肥 除臭菌 微波热解 废弃物 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]