青海高寒区不同人工林下植被的多样性及生态位研究  

Diversity and niche of different plantation configuration in alpine region in Qinghai Province

作　　者：王世雷[1] 贺康宁[1] 刘可暄 曹广月[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第11期67-72,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD38B05)

摘　　要：【目的】分析青海大通县不同人工林配置林下植被的群落结构和多样性特征。【方法】通过样方调查和样地植被调查,分析了不同人工林(白桦纯林、青海云杉纯林、华北落叶松纯林、青海云杉-白桦混交林)林下植被群落的多样性状况,同时运用Levins生态位宽度指数和Pianka生态位重叠指数,对人工林林下植被群落的生态位宽度和生态位重叠进行分析。【结果】不同人工林下植被的丰富度、多样性及均匀度变化趋势均表现为针阔混交林>阔叶林>针叶林;生态位宽度广的物种,如问荆、珠芽蓼、东方草莓等,往往构成人工林林下植被群落的优势种;混交林草本群落下的生态位宽度和生态位重叠最大,分别为0.605和0.612,相对于阔叶林和针叶林,其更有利于林下植被的生长和发育;较大的生态位宽度往往伴随着较高的生态位重叠值,但这并不是惟一的影响因素,可能由于斑块的存在,导致一些林分中较窄的生态位宽度也存在较高的生态位重叠。【结论】不同人工林,由于环境异质性及生物学特性的复杂性,造就了植物群落内部物种的多样性和群落结构的差异。【Objective】This study aimed to analyze the diversity and community structure of different plantations.【Method】Based on sampleplot and underground vegetation survey,the diversity of different plantations （Betula platyphylla suk,Picea asperata,Larix principis-rupprechtii,Picea asperata-Betula platyphylla suk） was analyzed and the niche breadth and niche overlapping were collected using Levins niche breadth and Pianka niche overlapping index.【Result】The richness index,diversity index and evenness index of different plantations were in a decreasing order of mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest〉broadleaf forest〉coniferous forest.Species with wide ecological amplitude of species were the dominant species in the community,such as Equisetum arvense,Polygonum viviparum and Fragaria orientalis.The niche breadth and niche overlapping of mixed forestry were the highest and it was indicated that vegetation under mixed forest could grow better.Large niche overlapping was usually caused by large niche breadth,while sometimes small niche breadth also could rise big niche overlapping for the plaque.【Conclusion】Because of environmental heterogeneity and the complexity of biological characteristics,significant differences between different plantations were observed.

关 键 词：青海 人工林 多样性 生态位 

分 类 号：S718.521.2[农业科学—林学]