桑沟湾不同养殖区水体微生物群落结构特征  

Effect of mariculture activities on bacterial community structure in the water of Sanggou Bay

作　　者：毛玉泽[1] 颜婷茹[1] 朱玲[1] 蒋增杰[1] 王巍[1] 方建光[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2013年第4期824-831,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40776090;40976073);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD13B02);国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项(201205031;201305043)

摘　　要：采用PCR-DGGE分子指纹图谱技术研究了2007年夏季桑沟湾不同养殖区水体微生物群落结构特征。DGGE指纹图谱分析表明,不同站位之间既存在共同图谱,又具有各自的特征谱带,总体上可分为4个区,湾外区、湾口区,湾中区和湾底区,分别与非养殖区、海带养殖区、综合养殖区、贝类单养与网箱养殖区行相对应;扇贝养殖区和牡蛎养殖区微生物相似性最高为94%,贝类单养与网箱养殖区和非养殖区相似性最低为41%,仅在网箱区发现对含氮污染物有去除作用的玫瑰杆菌属（Roseobacter）。17个站位表层水样共获得30个优势菌群,选择比较明显的12条带进行回收、扩增和测序,与GenBank中已经登录的细菌种群的同源性进行比较（相似性92%～98%）,结果表明,这12条序列所代表的细菌分属于变形菌亚门（α-proteobacteria和γ-proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）。研究结果说明贝类单养和网箱养殖对环境的改变较大,海带养殖对环境的改变较小,综合养殖能减少贝类和网箱养殖对环境的污染程度,是一种值得大力推广的养殖模式。We evaluated the bacterial community structure in water collected from several mariculture zones in Sanggou Bay in summer 2007 using PCR-DGGE. Some of the bands were shared by two or more stations, while others were unique to a particular location. Based on the DGGE profiles, we distinguished four areas, including a no-culture area (outer bay), kelp farming area (bay-mouth), integrated mariculture area (majority of the area in the middle of the bay), and a mollusk monoculture or fish farming area (bottom of the bay). The highest similarity in the bacterial community structure was between the scallop and oyster culture areas (94%), while the lowest was between the no-culture and mollusk monoculture or fish farming area (41%). Sequence analysis of twelve major bands from the DGGE profiles revealed that these sequences were highly similar to those of Actinobacteria, Fir-micutes, and Proteobacteria, including class Alpha and Gamma proteobacteria. The similarity of the nucleotide sequences ranged from 92% to 98%. Roseobacter, which can remove nitrogen-containing pollutants, was only present in the fish farming area. Our results suggest that seaweed culture had a lower impact on the environment then shellfish monoculture and fish culture. Thus practicing IMTA can reduce the degree of pollution from shell-fish and fish monoculture.

关 键 词：微生物群落结构 DGGE 桑沟湾 养殖区 

分 类 号：S949[农业科学—水产养殖]