走马楼吴简“小”“大”“老”研究中的若干问题  

Kingdom The Meaning of “小”, “大” and “老” in Zoumalou Bamboo Slips of Wu

作　　者：凌文超[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院历史研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2013年第11期61-73,共13页Journal of National Museum of China

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"长沙走马楼三国吴简簿书整理与研究"(项目批准号:12CZS006)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：走马楼孙吴户籍简原释文"老男/女"绝大部分应改释作"大男/女"。"老"涵括在"大"的年龄层之中,并非与"小""大"平等的身份。吴简"小""大"之分仍以15岁为界,"小""大""老"年龄不存在交叉现象。女性"小""大"身份的转变受婚姻的影响,但这对赋役征派的影响甚微。这些情况在汉代就已如此。吴简中的"小""大"并非民间概念,而是承续了秦汉以来的制度性规定,因为其重要性降低,不适性也越来越突出,户籍简中"小""大"身份因此普遍省记,或记作其他称谓。简牍学研究过程中应注意核对图版,务必考信于簿,并分析简牍材料的独特性和普适性等问题。Most interpretations of ＂老男/女＂ in Zoumalou bamboo slips about household registration of the Wu kingdom should be read as ＂大男/女＂ （adult man/woman）. Beginning in the Han dynasty, the meaning of ＂老＂ （old age） was covered in ＂大＂ （adult）; the age of flfteen is a dividing point between ＂小＂ （minor） and ＂大＂ ; as for women, being ＂minor＂ or ＂adult＂ was subject to their marital status and had little impact on taxation and labour levy. The concepts of ＂minor＂ or ＂adult＂ had been officially formulated since the Oin and Han dynasties. However, as they declined in importance and became no longer practical, they were often omitted or replaced by other titles in Zoumalou bamboo slips. In the end, the current author stresses that verifying pictures of the originals are important to researchers on inscribed bamboo or wooden slips and tablets.

关 键 词：走马楼吴简 小 大 老身份 简牍学研究 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] H131[历史地理—历史学]