敦煌具注历日中的昼夜时刻问题  

A Research on the Day & Night Time in Annotated Calendars from Dunhuang

作　　者：汪小虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学公共管理学院,广州510006

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2013年第2期129-139,共11页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目"中外科学文化交流历史文献整理与研究"(项目编号:10&ZD063);上海市哲学社会科学基金项目"中国古代计量名家研究"(项目编号:2004BLS005);教育部人文社科研究青年基金项目"中华帝国后期的时间管理--明清时代之颁历制度研究"(项目编号:13YJC770044)

摘　　要：一些敦煌具注历日标注有昼夜时刻,其功用,为指导漏刻改箭。文章收集敦煌具注历日之历序及年历表两方面的昼夜时刻相关内容进行对照,梳理了早期历书中标注昼夜时刻的发展演进脉络。结合术数文化典籍,认为敦煌具注历日中昼夜时刻的标注遵循某种特定规则,并将这些历书与日本京都大学人文科学研究所藏《大唐阴阳书》残卷相互参照,整理出了昼夜时刻的编排体系。最后,从天文学史的角度,阐释了敦煌具注历日中昼夜时刻体系的历史地位。As a special item seen in annotated calendars （Ju Zhu Li Ri） from Dunhuang, Day ＆ Night Time in ancient Chinese calendar could be used as a guide for changing Loujian when people operated Louke（Clepsydra）. This paper collects all the annotated calendars from Dunhuang which noted Day ＆ Night Time. Annotated calendars from Dunhuang were composed of two parts： preface and annual table. This paper combines the two parts, then explains the evolution about Day ＆ Night Time in annotated calendars from Dunhuang. By a comprehensive study of some books on divination in ancient China, the paper points out that the Day ＆ Night Time noted in annotated calendars from Dunhuang follows a particular rule. After comparing those calendars with Da-Tang Yin-Yang Shu from Japan, it finds the regulation of the whole Day ＆ Night Time system. Finally, it explains the position of Day ＆ Night Time system in annotated calendars from Dunhuang in the history of astrono- my.

关 键 词：敦煌具注历日 昼夜时刻 《大唐阴阳书》 漏刻改箭 

分 类 号：P19[天文地球—天文学] K870.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]