从《宣德十年月五星凌犯》看回回历法在明朝的使用  

The Actual Applications of the Chinese-Islamic System of Calendrical Astronomy in the Ming Dynasty as Seen from the Encroachments of the Moon and the Five Planets in the 10^(th) Year of the Xuande Reign

作　　者：石云里[1] 李亮[2] 李辉芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学,合肥230026 [2]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2013年第2期156-164,共9页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:11173022)

摘　　要：《宣德十年月五星凌犯》是15世纪40年代从中国明朝传入朝鲜李朝的一份重要的天文学文件,详细列出了明宣德十年全年月亮和五大行星之间以及它们对恒星的凌犯现象。经验算,这些结果都是用明初编订的《回回历法》中所给出的算法计算的,目的显然是为中国的凌犯星占服务的,与朱元璋下令翻译回回天文星占著作的初衷一致。新发现的其他史料也表明,明朝政府除了把回回历法用于日月食的预报外,每年还用它计算回回民用历书、天文年历以及月亮和五星的凌犯;而且,对月亮和五星凌犯的计算结果及其星占也确实被朱元璋用于自己的政治活动之中。The Encroachments of the Moon and the Five Planets in the 10~h Year of the Xuande Reign turns out to be an important astronomical document disseminated from the Ming Dynasty in China to the Choson Dynasty in Korea during the 1440s, detailing the close approaches, or encroach- ments, of the Moon and the Five Planets to each other, as well as of them to various fixed stars, dur- ing the entire course of the l0th year of the Xuande Reign. This paper shows that the results in the document have been calculated with the procedure solely available from the Chinese-Islamic System of Calendrical Astronomy compiled in the early Ming Dynasty. It is quite obvious that the purpose of these calculations was for the astrology based on the close approaches of the said bodies, which turned out to be the very motive behind Zhu Yuanzhang＇s decision to translate Islamic astronomy and astrology. Combined with other newly discovered materials, it is clear that the Chinese-Islamic Sys- tem of Calendrical Astronomy was applied by the Ming government not only to the prediction of the lunar-solar eclipses as it is known, but also to the calculation of the civil calendars, astronomical ephemerides and the celestial encroachments. Moreover, it is also found that astrological interpreta- tions based on the latter results were actually used by Zhu Yuanzhang in some of his political activities.

关 键 词：《宣德十年月五星凌犯》 回回历法 明朝 天文学 星占 朱元璋 

分 类 号：P125[天文地球—天体测量]