甲烷制卤代甲烷研究进展  

Progress in the transformation of methane to halomethane

作　　者：邵芸[1] 姜健准[1] 张明森[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司北京化工研究院,北京100013

出　　处：《工业催化》2013年第11期5-10,共6页Industrial Catalysis

摘　　要：甲烷的化学性质很不活泼,需经中间体才能将其转变成高附加值的化工产品。以卤代甲烷为中间体具有能耗低的优势,是一种潜在的甲烷活化方式。综述国内外甲烷制卤代甲烷研究进展,主要介绍不同卤素源条件下的反应机理及催化剂性质、反应条件对单卤代甲烷选择性的影响。甲烷经氯代甲烷活化时,产物中一氯甲烷选择性与催化剂性质密切相关,亲电型催化剂能高选择性生成一氯甲烷;甲烷经溴代甲烷活化时,贵金属和非贵金属均可作为催化剂活性中心,且该反应可以根据后续产物的需要,调节产物组成和比例。甲烷溴代反应单卤代产物选择性高于甲烷氯代反应,但溴代反应需在较高温度进行。As methane is extremely inert, its conversion into high value-added chemicals by direct activa- tion is rather difficult. Halogenation of methane offers an alternative for indirect conversion at a relatively low temperature. In this paper, the advance in the transformation of methane to halomethane was reviewed. The effects of halogenated agent, the properties of the catalysts, the mechanism and the reaction conditions on the selectivity to mono-halogen methane were discussed. In methane activation by chlorina- tion, the selectivity to chloromethane was closely related to the properties of the catalyst, which was achieved by the electrophilic reaction. While the noble and non-noble metal could be used as the active sites for the methane activation by bromination, and the product composition could be tuned according to the need of the downstream reaction. In terms of the selectivity to mono-halogen methane, the bromination reaction was better than the chlorination, while the former was carried out at higher temperature.

关 键 词：有机化学工程 甲烷 单卤代甲烷选择性 氯化反应 溴化反应 

分 类 号：TQ221.11[化学工程—有机化工] O621.255[理学—有机化学]