空间环境诱发玉米胚乳突变体的鉴定与分析  

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Detection of the Corn Endosperm Mutants Induced by Space Flight

作　　者：张采波[1] 周园元 汪瀚宇[1] 汪宏维 汪生庆[1] 荣廷昭[1] 曹墨菊[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学玉米研究所/教育部作物基因资源与遗传改良重点实验室/农业部西南玉米生物学及遗传育种重点实验室,四川成都611130

出　　处：《核农学报》2013年第11期1603-1609,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2012AA101202);"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2008BAD97B03)

摘　　要：用返回式卫星"实践八号"搭载玉米自交系08-641和18-599,从诱变后代中获得籽粒皱缩透明和皱缩不透明两种胚乳突变体,经多代自交获得突变性状稳定的遗传材料。籽粒可溶性糖含量测定结果显示,籽粒皱缩透明突变体st1在授粉10d后籽粒糖含量开始上升,到授粉25d时达到峰值,且明显高于自交系08-641;籽粒皱缩不透明突变体so1籽粒糖含量在授粉10d后开始缓慢上升,到授粉20d时达到峰值,且明显高于自交系18-599。遗传分析和等位性测定结果表明两种突变性状均由单隐性基因控制,籽粒皱缩透明突变基因与su1等位,籽粒皱缩不透明突变基因与sh2等位。DNA序列比对发现,突变体st1在su1基因的第2和第13外显子处发生了单碱基突变,突变体so1在sh2基因的第2、5和16外显子处发生单碱基突变,导致编码氨基酸序列变异,推测这些碱基的突变有可能导致淀粉合成代谢受阻,致使籽粒胚乳糖含量提高。In this study, two maize inbred lines 08 -641 and 18 -599 were carried into cosmic space by recoverable satellite ＂Shijian 8＂ , grain shrunken transparently and opaquely mutants were selected as experimental materials and their soluble sugar content in kernel were measured by annthrone colorimetry. The content of soluble sugar in mutant stl kernels began to rise in 10 days after pollination, to reach the peak in 25 days and significantly higher than the contrast 08 -641, while in mutant sol kernels it began to rise in 10 days after pollination, to reach the peak in 20 days and significantly higher than the contrast 18 -599. The results of genetic analysis and allelism test showed that the trait in both mutants was all controlled by a single recessive gene, the mutant stl was allelic to the sul and the mutant sol was allelic to the sh2. DNA sequence alignment found 2 single - base mutations in 2 and 13 exon of sul gene in the mutant stl and 3 single - base mutations in 2, 5 and 16 exon of sh2 gene in mutant sol leading to the change in amino acid sequences. So it is inferred that starch biosynthesis in the mutants may be blocked by these mutations, which lead to the increase of soluble sugar content in kernel.

关 键 词：玉米 空间诱变 胚乳突变体 遗传分析 分子检测 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]