高磷条件下不同磷效率小麦对磷的吸收及根际土壤磷组分差异  

Phosphorus Accumulation and Phosphorus Fraction in High Phosphorus Soil of Two Different P-efficiency Wheat Genotypes( Tritium aestivum L. )

作　　者：展晓莹[1] 张丽[1] 刘晓斌[1] 张淑香[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《核农学报》2013年第11期1762-1770,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(SS2013AA102901)

摘　　要：采用根箱土培试验,研究在速效磷较高的河北潮土(17.79mg·kg-1)施磷(P)量为0、25、50mg P·kg-1土对小麦的生物量、含磷量和土壤有机、无机磷形态的影响,供试品种为典型磷高效型小麦小偃54和磷低效型小麦京411。本文用小麦的生物量与含磷量表现对磷的吸收,结果表明:增加磷肥投入可以提高两种小麦的含磷量以及京411的生物量,小偃54的生物量在P25水平下最高。P0和P25水平下小偃54的各部分生物量和含磷量显著高于京411。两种处理下小偃54的根系生物量分别比京411高出87%和56%,总含磷量分别比京411高出40.2%、39.7%。种植小麦后潮土中无机磷形态按含量大小排序为:Ca10-P>Ca8-P>Al-P>Ca2-P>Fe-P,Ca2-P、Fe-P、Ca8-P的有效性较高;有机磷形态按含量大小排序为:中等活性有机磷>高稳性有机磷>中稳性有机磷>活性有机磷。小偃54与京411对5种无机形态磷的吸收无显著性差异。不施磷肥,种植过小偃54的内室土中等活性有机磷的质量分数比京411低24%,P50处理时小偃54比京411高18%,差异均达到显著性水平。适量施用磷肥有利于小麦干物质量积累和含磷量的提高。小偃54对中等活性有机磷的活化能力高于京411,高磷条件削弱了两种磷效率小麦生长指标的差异。A rhizobox experiment was empolyed to study root biomass, phosphorus （P） accumulation of two different P efficiency and P fraction on alluvial soil （ available P, 17.79mg·kg^-1 ） under P levels of 0, 25, and 50mg·kg^-1）. Xiaoyan 54 （P-efficient） and Jing 411 （P-inefficient） were selected in the experiment. Application of P fertilizer could increase P accumulation of two kinds of wheat and biomass of Jing411. The highest biomass of Xiaoyan54 was obtained by P25. Under soil treatments of non-P and 25 mg P·kg^-1, the biomass and P accumulation of Xiaoyan54 was higher than Jing411. The root biomass of Xiaoyan 54 has 87% and 56% higher respectively than Jing 411, and the total P accumulation were 40.2% and 39.7% higher at P0 and P25. The contents of different forms of inorganic phosphorus on alluvial soil followed the order of Ca10- P 〉 Ca8- P 〉 A1-P 〉 Ca2- P 〉 Fe-P. The two kinds of wheat mainly used Ca2 - P, Fe-P and Ca8 - P of rhizosphere. Organic phosphorus contents was moderate labile organic P 〉 high stable organic P 〉 moderately stable organic P 〉 active organic P. No significant differences were found between Xiaoyan54 and Jing411 under the five forms of inorganic phosphorus, so does the active organic phosphorus, moderately stable organic phosphorus and high stable organic P. The uptake of moderate labile organic P of Xiaoyan54 under no P application was higher than Jing411, which was opposite to 50rag P·kg^-1 soil treatment. P fertilizer applied properly was benefit to improvement of biomass and P accumulation of wheat. The two genotypes of wheat mainly used Ca2 - P, Fe-P and Ca8 - P. Xiaoyan54 had better ability of uptaking moderate labile organic P than Jing411 of rhizosphere. Two kinds of wheat in different P efficiency do not express significant difference in high P alluvial soil.

关 键 词：高磷 磷效率 磷形态 小麦 根际 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]