CO_2肥效及水肥条件对作物影响研究进展  

Effects of CO_2 Fertilization,Water and Nutrient Conditions on Crops: A review

作　　者：姜帅[1] 居辉[1,2] 韩雪[1,2] 刘勤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]农业部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《核农学报》2013年第11期1783-1789,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31171452);国家"973"计划项目(2012CB955904);2012基本科研业务费项目(BSRF201105)

摘　　要：CO2是作物光合作用重要底物,其浓度升高对作物产量形成具有正向促进作用。本文全面介绍CO2浓度控制及模拟研究方法,具体阐述CO2浓度升高对作物产量和品质的影响,揭示了氮肥和水分条件与CO2肥效的互作关系。本文分析认为,在适宜条件下,CO2浓度升高会提高作物产量,但对作物品质影响以负面为主,仅少数特征指标有正向提高。在大田生产实践中,CO2肥效作用与以往控制气室试验相比,产量提升作用减低。水、肥、土以及作物品种等是限制CO2肥效发挥的重要作用因子。在一定施用范围内,CO2肥效随N肥量增加而提高,但超过限度后,N肥对CO2的增效作用降低,N肥和CO2肥效作用存在最佳互馈机制。CO2肥效作用在低水分土壤环境中发挥程度更高,且CO2浓度升高可提高作物水分利用效率,对于缓解作物干旱胁迫具有积极作用。CO2is the imperative material of photosynthesis, and the elevated CO2increased crop yields to a certain extent. In this study, ways to control and simulate CO2 concentration were thoroughly introduced, effects of the elevated CO2 on the crop yields and quality were presented in detail and the interaction effects of CO2 fertilization, water and nutrient were discussed. This review analyzed that the elevated CO2 increased crop yields, but it decreased crop quality in the favourable condition. Only few indicators of crop quality increased. Compared with chamber, the degree of increase of crop yields fell in the field production practice. Water, nutrient, soil and crop varieties were the most essential limiting factors of CO2 fertilization effect. CO2 fertilization increased with increasing of the nitrogen application within a certain range. However, if the amount of nitrogen application crossed a particular threshold, CO2 fertilization decreased. Thus, there might be an optimal proportion between nitrogen application and CO2 fertilization effect. It was much more beneficial for the CO2 fertilization effect under low moisture environment. The elevated CO2 increased water use efficiency and partly reduced the deleterious effects of water stress on crops.

关 键 词：CO2肥效 作物 水肥 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]