不同施氮方式对玉米年际产量及氮吸收的影响  

Effect of Different Methods of N Application on Inter-annual Yield of maize,Plant N Uptake in Loamy Meadow Soils

作　　者：刘慧颖[1,2] 华利民[2] 韩晓日[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2013年第4期475-478,共4页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：农业部农业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201103039);国家科技支撑课题(2012BAD14B04)

摘　　要：研究不同施氮方式对玉米产量及植株氮吸收的影响。利用3年定位试验,设置对照处理、农民习惯施肥处理、优化施肥处理、优化施肥+秸秆还田处理、缓控释肥料处理。结果表明:缓控释肥处理与秸秆还田配化肥处理产量居高,3年平均产量比对照增产18.50%和17.90%。缓控释肥料处理的氮肥农学利用率、氮收获指数、籽粒氮积累量都高于秸秆还田处理,而植株氮累积量、肥料利用率则是秸秆还田处理表现较好。建议用减氮20%的缓控释肥一次性施入或者配合秸秆全量还田代替农民习惯施肥方式。从产量和品质兼顾的角度看,应用缓控释肥料的效果略微好于秸秆还田配化肥的施用。Three years field experirments were conducted to study the effects of different methods of N application on interannual yield of maize,plant N uptake in Loamy meadow soils.The effects of no nitrogen fertilization （CK）,farmers＂ conventional N fertilization （FP）,optimized N fertilization （OPT）,OPT with straw-amended （OPTS） and controlled-release fertilization （CRF） were investigated.The result showed that the average high yields in 3 years were obtained from CRF and OPTS treatments,18.50％ and 17.90％ higher than those of CK treatment.Nitrogen agronomic use efficiency （N-AUE）and nitrogen harvest index （NHI） and total N of seed of CRF were higher than those of OPTS,while total N of plant and nitrogen use efficiency of OPTS were higher.The authors suggest that farmers＂ conventional N fertilization should be replaced by 20％ N fertilizer reduced CRF and OPTS.With consideration to both yield and quantity,CRF was more efficient.

关 键 词：氮肥 玉米 产量 氮吸收 缓控释肥料 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S147.5