宋代西北吐蕃与甘州回鹘、辽朝、西夏的关系  

The Relationship of the Tubo of Song Dynasty in Northwest Area with the GanzhouHuihu and Liao Dynasty and Xia Kingdom

作　　者：陈庆英 白丽娜 

机构地区：[1]中国藏学研究中心历史所,北京100101

出　　处：《西藏研究》2013年第5期9-18,共10页Tibetan Studies

摘　　要：北宋时期，宋、辽、夏三国在西北地区展开了激烈的争夺，并导致这一地区民族关系错综复杂。北宋初年，西北地区的吐蕃部族，已基本结束族种分散的混乱局面，先后在河西、河湟两地建立政权，即“凉州六谷蕃部”（11世纪初期至1028年）和“响厮哆政权”（1008～1104年），成为影响当地局势的重要力量，受到周边民族政权的极大关注。西北吐蕃为其自身生存和发展，积极发展与这些民族政权的关系。党项西夏是西北吐蕃的最大威胁。因此，西北吐蕃始终将“联宋抗夏”作为其基本的对外政策。虽然双方也曾有过友好合作的时期，却十分短暂和脆弱。至于国朝，当党项尚未崛起之时，将西北吐蕃，特别是凉州吐蕃视为其征服的对象，当西夏建立，辽朝更多时候充当的是河湟吐蕃的同盟者。关于甘州回鹘，由于地理位置的相似性和利益的统一性，其始终是西北吐蕃的忠实合作者。the Northern Song dynasty,Song,Liao,Xia competed with each other intensely in the Northwest Territories,and it leaded to the complicated ethnic relations. In the early years of Northern Song dynas- ty,the Tubo people in the Northwest Territories founded the regimes in the Hexi and Hehuang areas in succession,that is Liangzhouliugufanbu（from the early years of eleventh century to A.D. 1028） and Gusi- luo Regime（A. D. 1008-A. D. 1104）,and became important forcesd,and cause the neighboring Ethnic Re- gimes for great concern. The Tubo established contact with the Ethnic Regimes actively for its own sur- vival and development. Among them,Xixia was the greatest threat for them. There was irreconcilable con- tradiction between both sides. Therefore,combining with Song and attacking Xia was Tubo＇s basic foreign policy consistently. Tubo and Xia once kept friendly and cooperative relationship,but it was too fragile. About Liao,before Xia sprang up,it regarded Tubo after Xia rose,it became the allies of the Tubo in Subject in Liangzhou as the conquered object. But Hehuang area. About GanzhouHuihu,because of the analogous location and the same interest,it was the faithful collaborator of Tubo continuously.

关 键 词：宋代 凉州六谷蕃部 唃厮啰政权 甘州回鹘 辽朝 西夏 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学] K246[历史地理—中国史]