北京市空间紧凑度测度及提升对策  

Spatial compactness measuring and improvement strategies of Beijing

作　　者：王德利[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市社会科学院经济所

出　　处：《城市问题》2013年第11期25-30,66,共7页Urban Problems

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41201154)--中国城市化发展质量的调控机理与优化模式研究

摘　　要："紧凑城市"是指以防止城市蔓延、实现土地与能源的节约利用、提高城市运行效率为目的,具有高居住密度、少依赖机动车、土地混合利用等特征的城市空间发展模式。在界定紧凑城市内涵的基础上,构建了城市紧凑度的三维目标空间综合测度指标体系及测度模型,对北京市规模紧凑度、功能紧凑度、形态紧凑度及空间综合紧凑度进行了测度分析,进而探讨了城市紧凑度的空间演变规律,提出了提高北京市空间紧凑度的对策建议。研究成果有三点,一是北京市空间利用紧凑度呈现"中心—外围"递减特征,以中心的西城区和东城区为中心,其空间紧凑度最高,外围朝阳区、海淀区、石景山区以及丰台区的空间紧凑度逐渐递减,其他郊区(郊县)等空间紧凑度最低;二是空间紧凑度与地形分布具有明显的相关性,高紧凑度的单元大部分位于平原地区,而低紧凑度的单元大部分位于山地地区;其中东部地区的空间紧凑度高于西部,南部高于北部;三是空间紧凑度与经济发展水平及规模密度呈正相关性。＂ Compact city＂ is an urban space develop- ment pattern of preventing spread of city, saving utilization land and energy, improving urban efficiency with high residential density of less dependent on motor vehicle and land mixed use. Based on the definition of connotation of ＂ compact city＂ , this essay explores the city compactness space evolution rule. It pro- poses 3D index of comprehensive measures of compact degree and analyzes scale compact degree, form compact degree, function compactness degree and space integrated compact degree. Studies show that, firstly, compact degree and topographic distribution has obvious correlation. Most high degree compact units are located in the plain area and most low degree compact villages and townships are located in the mountain area; secondly, space compactness presents ＂ center- peripheral＂ decline characteristics. The center of Xicheng District and Dongeheng District presents the highest de- gree of compact, and Chaoyang District, Haidian District, Shi- jingshan District, Fengtai District and other suburbs presents progressively decreasing degree of compact; thirdly, the space compact degree of eastern region is higher than that of the western region, and the space compact degree of southern region is higher than that of the northern region. Moreover, space compactness and economic development level has obvious positive correlation.

关 键 词：紧凑度 演变规律 提升对策 北京 

分 类 号：TU984.21[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]