河图、河患与河臣——台北故宫藏于成龙《江南黄河图》与康熙中期河政  

Hydraulic Map,Flood and Watercourse Governance official“Map of the Yellow River in Jiangnan Province”of Yu Chenglong and the Watercourse Governance Politics of Middle Kangxi Reign

作　　者：席会东[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学西北历史研究所,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2013年第4期130-138,共9页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"清代黄河图研究"(批准号:12CZS076);教育部人文社科基金项目"水情水志与水法:清代洪涝灾害预警机制研究"(批准号:13YJC770064)阶段性成果

摘　　要：河图在清代尤其是康熙朝的河患治理和河政运作中具有重要作用。台北故宫博物院所藏《江南黄河图》是由康熙帝亲自授命、由河道总督于成龙在清康熙三十八年(1699年)绘制而成的。为解决河臣董安国误筑拦黄坝所引发的黄河河患,康熙帝于康熙三十八年三月第三次南巡阅河,并授命河臣于成龙、内务府官员董殿邦等人绘制黄河图,其后他还亲自创制立体"清口图",这几幅类型多样的河图都在康熙中期的河政运作中得到了充分运用。于成龙绘呈的《江南黄河图》曾经康熙帝与大学士等朝臣研读讨论,是河道总督于成龙和康熙帝之间、康熙帝和大学士之间、大学士和九卿、詹事、科道之间沟通河务的桥梁,以及清廷进行河政决策的重要依据。此图表现了康熙中期河政党争、康熙帝南巡、于成龙治河等重大历史事件,反映了康熙中期的舆图绘制机制和河政运作,在清代河政史、水利史和地图史上都具有重要地位。The hydraulic maps had played an important role in the flood management and water- course--governing politics of Qing Dynasty. The ＂Map of the Yellow River in Jiangnan Province＂, preserved in the Taipei Palace Museum in succession, was painted in the 38th year of Kangxi Reign （1699） by Yu Chenglong the Watercourse Viceroy under the order of Emperor Kangxi personally. For solving the problems led by the river--obstructing dams built by the former Watercourse Viceroy Dong An--guo, Emperor Kangxi made his third inspection tour to the South in the March of the 38th year of Kangxi Reign when Emperor Kangxi ordered Yu Cheng--long and the official of the Imperial Household Affairs Office Dong Dian--bang to paint maps of the Yellow River, and then he created thewood Map of Qingkou. Those maps were all fully uesd in the watercourse--governing operations dur- ing the middle Kangxi Reign. Being the communicating bridge about the watercourse situation be- tween the Watercourse Viceroy and Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi and the Great Scholars, the Great Scholars and the Nine Ministers and so on, the Map of the Yellow River in Jiangnan Province was important foundation of watercourse administration in the Qing Dynasty. The map tells the third inspection tour to the South of Emperor Kangxi, the mapping system and the circulating ways of the hydraulic maps of the Qing Dynasty, and thus takes an important position in the watercourse adminis- trating history, the hydraulic history and the cartographic history of China.

关 键 词：《江南黄河图》 河政 康熙帝 于成龙 董殿邦 

分 类 号：K249.2[历史地理—历史学]