分流墙的设置对疏散效率和安全性影响的研究  

Study on the Influence of Split-flow Wall's Setting on Evacuation Efficiency and Safety

作　　者：王金晶[1] 郑小平[1] 王亚飞[1] 程远[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学,北京100029

出　　处：《电子科技大学学报（社科版）》2013年第5期24-30,共7页Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家973计划(2011CB706900);教育部人文社会科学研究基金(10YJA630221;12YJCZH023);国家自然科学基金(71203006);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAK13B06);北京化工大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(505546)

摘　　要：基于元胞自动机建立了地板场模型并进行赋值,通过考虑行人到出口的距离和出口前的人群密度提出了合理的出口选择模型,并引入了冲突函数来解决逃生者之间冲突的问题。以出口流率和冲突次数作为两个指标来分析分流墙对疏散效率及疏散安全性的影响规律。通过大量的疏散仿真实验对分流墙的长度及分流墙到出口的距离对疏散效率的影响进行研究,发现一定长度的分流墙能够明显降低冲突的次数,提高疏散的安全性;而分流墙到出口的距离合理设置能够提高疏散效率。Evacuation ability of building depends on the exit. Proper exit design can improve the efficiency and safety of evacuation. The split-flow wall before exit can not only improve the evacuation efficiency b＇y increasing pedestrian flow rate at exit, but also enhance the security of evacuation by reducing the crowd degree before exit. Based on cellular automaton, a floor field model has been established. Considering the distance to the exit and the crowd distribution before exit, we put forward a reasonable exit-selection model. The conflict function has been introduced to solve the problem of conflict among the evacuees. Flow rate and conflict numbers are assigned as two key parameters to analyze the influence of split-flow wall on evacuation efficiency and safety. Through a lot of evacuation simulation experiments about the influence of the length of split-flow wall and the distance between split-flow wall and exit on evacuation, we find that a split-flow wall with certain length can significantly reduce the numbers of conflict and improve the safety of evacuation; and proper distance between the split-flow wall and exit can improve the evacuation efficiency.

关 键 词：分流墙 拥挤程度 疏散效率 疏散安全性 地面场模型 冲突次数 

分 类 号：D523[政治法律—政治学]