发展现代煤化工有利于降低我国石油对外依存度  

Developing Modern Coal Chemical Industry to Reduce Dependence on Foreign Petroleum

作　　者：杨春生 

机构地区：[1]惠生工程(中国)有限公司北京设计中心,北京100102

出　　处：《中外能源》2013年第11期1-6,共6页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：2012年,我国石油对外依存度已达到56.4%,石油供应不足,将导致化工用石脑油出现短缺。现代煤化工应运而生,以煤炭为原料生产燃料油、低碳烯烃、芳烃、乙二醇等产品,部分替代石油原料,有利于降低我国石油对外依存度。我国已在煤制油、煤制烯烃、煤制芳烃、煤制乙二醇等方面取得了突破性进展,建设了煤制油、MTO、MTP工业生产装置和MTA、煤制乙二醇的中试及示范装置,并且开发了褐煤利用的高浓度水煤浆生产技术,为煤化工的发展和资源利用打下了基础。我国目前有4家企业投产了煤制油装置,2016年全国煤制油产能将达到1600×104t/a。煤制烯烃项目也掀起了建设热潮,预计2020年将形成1500×104t/a煤制烯烃生产能力,粗略估算,仅此一项即可减少1.5×108t来自中东的石油进口量。我国具有自主知识产权的煤制芳烃技术有清华大学的循环流化床FMTA技术和中科院山西煤化所与赛鼎工程公司合作开发的固定床MTA技术,河南煤化集团与北京化工大学也在合作开发MTA技术。我国有多家联合体掌握了煤制乙二醇技术,其中福建物构所-丹化科技的技术应用较多。China＇s reliance on imported oil reached 56.4% in 2012.The shortfall in oil supply will resuh in a shortage of naphtha used in the chemical industry.As a solution,the modern coal chemical industry e- merged at the right moment.Using coal as raw material to produce fuel oil,low-carbon olefin,arene,glycol and other products to replace part of petroleum needed can help reduce China＇s reliance on imported oil. China has made significant progress in making oil,olefin,arene and glycol from coal,established coal lique- faction,MTO and MTP industrial production units and MTA and coal-to-glycol pilot-scale and demonstration units,and developed high-concentration coal slurry production technology to utilize lignite,laying the ground- work for a further development of the coal chemical industry and better utilization of resources.Four enterpris- es in China have had coal liquefaction units in operation and the country＇s coal liquefaction capacity is ex- pected to reach 1600×10^4t/a in 2016.Coal-to-olefin projects are also mushrooming in China.The country＇s coal-to-olefin production capacity is expected to reach 1500×10^4t/a by 2020.By rough estimate,this capacity alone can help China reduce oil imports from the Middle East by 1.5×10^8t.Major proprietary coal-to-arene technologies developed by domestic organizations include the FMTA technology developed by Tsinghua Univer- sity and the MTA technology jointly developed by the Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry of the Chinese A- cademy of Sciences and Sedin.Henan Coal Chemical Industry Group and Beijing University of Chemical Technology are also working together to develop MTA technology.Several consortiums in China have developed coal-to-glycol technologies ,of which the technology jointly developed by the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Danhua Chemical Technology has the most applications so far.

关 键 词：石油对外依存度 现代煤化工 煤制油 煤制烯烃(MTO)煤制芳烃(MTA)煤制乙二醇 褐煤利用 

分 类 号：F426.22[经济管理—产业经济]