我国野生大豆(G.soja)种质资源及其种质创新利用  

General Situation of Wild Soybean (G. soja) Germplasm Resources and Its Utilization of Introgression Into Cultivated Soybean in China

作　　者：王克晶[1] 李福山[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物品种资源研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2000年第6期69-72,共4页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

摘　　要：我国是野生大豆的主要分布国家,分布十分广泛,其范围在北纬约24～53N.东经97°29′～134°E.野生大豆具有高蛋白、多花多荚和抗逆性强等特性,是重要的遗传资源.目前国家基因库搜集保存6500余份野生大豆种质,形态类型繁多.有许多稀有类型,如棕色、绿种皮,无泥膜,绿子叶等.野生与栽培大豆杂交进行种质导入的研究表明,野生大豆与栽培大豆杂交是创造大豆新种质的有效途径,它有以下几个优点;①野生大豆为栽培大豆提供有用性状或基因源;②提供野生种遗传种质,拓宽了大豆遗传背景;③野生和栽培大豆种间杂交基因重组,创造新的基因型.China is the main distribution country of wild soybean (G. soja), a wild annual progenitor of soybean (G. max). It is extensively distributed nearly all over the whole China, delineated by 23°57'-53°N and 97°29'-34°E. Wild soybean has been thought to he an important genetl34°E. Wild soybean has been thought to be an important genetic resources because it has a high content of protein, high productivity of pods and high resistance to environmental stress. So far about 6500 wild soybean germplasm accessions collected from various areas perpetually preserved in the gene bank, where there are abundant morphological types, including rare characters, for example, brown, yellow and green seed-coat, no-bloom seed, white flower, long-narrow leaf, green cotyledon.Studies of the introgression of the wild germplasm into cultivated soybeans by crossing have demonstrated that the cross introgression is a very effective method to develop new soybean germplasms and has several favours: ①offers useful genes; ②broadens the genetic background of soybean; ③creates new genotypes by genetic recombination.

关 键 词：野生大豆 种质创新 种质利用 优良特性 种质资源 

分 类 号：S565.102.4[农业科学—作物学]