“生物剽窃”发展的社会过程及其机理——建构主义视角的案例解析  

Social process and development mechanism on biopiracy——case studies from the perspective of constructivism

作　　者：赵喜凤[1] 蔡仲[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学马克思主义学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]南京大学哲学系,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《科学学研究》2013年第12期1810-1815,共6页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(12BZX021)

摘　　要：在全球化过程中,"生物勘测"经常演变成"生物剽窃",其根本原因在于经济利益的追逐,"地方性知识"被掘取、生产与操控,科学场域中的资本不断聚集。具体原因有两点:其一,认识论上的"知识遮蔽",研究者以狡猾的手段进行谋取利益的论证,信息的不对等情况出现;其二,修辞学上的身份认同,研究者的头衔和研究机构的声望博得受试者的信任,加重了对信息的遮蔽。此外,伦理审查程序的不严格、伦理审查制度的不完善使得生物勘测由物种多样性采集深入到了人体基因采集,伦理审查的弊端亟待解决。There are two bioprospecting cases that foreign scientific research institutions took Chinese persons for gene experiment, from the initial ＂gene mining＂ to pay our attention, to the ＂golden rice＂ shocking us after ten years. ＂Bioprospecting＂ often evolves into ＂biopiracy＂ in the process of globalization, which basic reason lies in the pursuit of economic interests. Local knowledge was explored, produced and controlled in order to accumulate capital in the field of science. The specific reasons are as follows： First is the ＂agnotology＂ of epistemology, namely, researchers take captation arguments leading to information asymmetry; Second is identity in rhetoric. The popularity of researchers and the reputation of research institutions win participants＇ trust, increasing to fold information. What’s more, ethical review program is not strictly and ethical review system is not perfect, which makes bioprospecting from species diversity collecting to human gene mining. The disadvantages of ethical review need to be solved urgently.

关 键 词：生物勘测 生物剽窃 基因采集 黄金大米 知识遮蔽 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]