苜蓿草地害虫-天敌典型相关及生态位分析  

Canonical correlations between pests and natural enemies and their niches in alfalfa grasslands

作　　者：朱猛蒙[1] 刘艳 张蓉[1] 黄文广 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏林业研究所股份有限公司,宁夏银川750001 [3]宁夏草原工作站,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《草业学报》2013年第6期159-166,共8页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201003079);国家牧草产业体系盐池综合试验站(CARS-35-42)资助

摘　　要：苜蓿是我国西北地区最重要的人工牧草,近年来害虫爆发严重,为此在宁夏南部山区选择了2个典型的苜蓿种植区域,采用五点取样法进行系统监测,调查苜蓿害虫及其天敌种群数量,对天敌与害虫的协同关系和生态位进行分析,初步得出:随种植年限的增加,田间昆虫群落趋于动态平衡,天敌对害虫的跟随期缩短,大约在1周左右;2个监测点害虫亚群落与天敌亚群落的标准化线性组合分别为:V1=0.532 X1+0.326 X2+0.035 X3;W1=0.108Y1+0.482Y2+0.035Y3-0.113Y4和V1=0.356 X1-0.163 X2+0.008 X3;W1=0.063Y1+0.526Y2+0.103Y3-0.038Y4,说明刺吸类害虫种群数量较大,但易受天敌的控制;食叶类害虫、食根类害虫与食花类害虫的天敌资源较为缺乏,此类害虫对苜蓿草地的潜在威胁性较大;天敌在空间广度上和宽度上的生态位明显比害虫广泛,表明天敌在更大的范围内搜索食物;瓢虫类优势天敌多异瓢虫与苜蓿斑蚜生态位接近,表明多异瓢虫是控制苜蓿斑蚜的重要天敌。这些结果为我国西北人工苜蓿害虫综合控制和可持续发展提供了重要的基础数据和理论。Alfalfa is an important forage in Northwest China but in recent years, several pests have seriously damaged alfalfa. To monitor the dynamics of pest populations, two typical regions in which alfalfa is the domi nant crop were selected. The five-spot method was used to sample pests and natural enemies in alfalfa fields. The community structure of insects was stable with an increase in age of alfalfa crops. The relationships between pests and natural enemies in two monitoring sites were fitted with four equations： V1 =0. 532X1 ＋0. 326 X2＋0.035X3 , W1 =0. 108Y1 ＋0. 482Y2 ＋0. 035Y3 -0. 113Y4 , V1 =0. 356X1 -0. 163X2＋0. 008X3, W1 =0. 063 Y1＋0. 526Y2 ＋0. 103Y3-0. 038Y4. In addition, natural enemies played an important role in controlling pest population in these alfalfa fields. Sucking insects （aphids） had a high abundance but were attacked by a large number of natural enemies in alfalfa fields. Leaf eating pests, root pests, and flower eating pests had the potential to cause great damage to alfalfa grasslands, because of lack of natural enemies. Natural enemies had wi der niches than pests, indicating that natural enemies needed to search for prey on a large spatial scale. Ladybirds were the dominant natural enemy, and had a similar niche to pest aphids. This work su tant basis and theory for integrating pest management and sustainable development of the alfalfa industry.

关 键 词：苜蓿 害虫 典型相关 天敌 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学] S551.7[农业科学—畜牧学]