蝶形花亚科植物花粉释放机制  

Pollen release mechanisms of papilionaceous plants(Faboideae)

作　　者：黄利春[1,2] 金樑[1] 张树振[1] 李晶[1] 杨阳[1] 张晓强[1] 王晓娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]科尔沁右翼前旗农业技术推广中心,内蒙古科尔沁右翼前旗137713

出　　处：《草业学报》2013年第6期305-314,共10页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31270558);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2013-86)资助

摘　　要：花粉是植物生殖的基础,其中花粉的成功释放是其繁殖的保障,蝶形花植物的花粉释放是一个复杂的过程,包括生理过程(内源释放)和机械(物理)过程(外源释放)。本研究对蝶形花植物花粉释放机制做出综述,回顾了蝶形花植物花粉内源释放的时空模式,包括花药形成和花药开裂,以及花粉外源释放的机制,如爆炸机制、活塞机制、毛刷机制和瓣膜机制,并就今后其花粉释放机制研究的热点领域及其应用进行了展望。Pollen is the foundation of reprod the pic plant reproduc and the diversi tion, and successful release of pollen is essential for plant ty of the process of pollen release ture of the physiological and the mechanical mechanisms in pollen release is in papilionaceous plants, still incomplete. In this paper, the mechanism of pollen release in papilionceous plants is reviewed. The pollen release in papilionceous plants is a complex process, which includes a physiological proce physical） process （extrinsic release）. anther dehiscence. The formation The physiological process of ss （internal release） and a mechanical （or pollen release includes anther formation and of viable pollen depends on accurate execution of programmes, and the tapetum cells are essential for the development of the pollen grain. In the dehiscence, four types of anther wall have been observed cotyledonous type, dicotyledonous type and reduced type. apilionaceous plants e mechanical process developmental case of anther including basic type, mono- of pollen release shows that there are four patterns in papilionaceous plants, the explosive model, piston model, brush model, and valvular model. Comparisons of pollination efficiency made between these models, showed that the piston and valvular models may be the two basic evolutionary branches of pollen release in papilionaceous plants. The spatial and temporal patterns of pollen release are still a hotspot of evolution in papilionaceous plants and are related to flower morphology, pollination biology and mating system.

关 键 词：蝶形花亚科 花药 花粉释放 机制 

分 类 号：S184[农业科学—农业基础科学]