天目湖沙河水库水质对流域开发与保护的响应  

Response of water quality to the catchment development and protection in Tianmuhu Reservoir,China

作　　者：朱广伟[1] 陈伟民[1] 李恒鹏[1] 任理[1] 顾钊[1] 赵林林[1] 高永霞[1] 贺冉冉[1] 张运林[1] 崔扬[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2013年第6期809-817,共9页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51279194);中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所"一三五"重点布局项目(NIGLAS2012135002);溧阳市沙河水库管理处科研项目联合资助

摘　　要：利用长期水质监测资料,对苏南地区天目湖沙河水库十多年来的开发与保护工作的水库水质影响情况进行了分析.结果发现:大规模放养鳙鱼等不合理的渔业开发对水库硅藻、蓝藻等浮游植物异常增殖有较大的促进作用;在营养盐处于中富营养水平下,利用不同食性鱼类的组合调控,能够较快地抑制浮游植物的异常增殖,但当浮游植物生物量下降到一定程度以后,其控制能力下降,营养盐和气候因子的影响变得更为重要;流域的旅游开发和农业开发都对水库营养盐、透明度等水质指标产生较大影响,特别是坡地大规模茶叶种植等农业开发对水库氮的影响十分明显;春季少雨等气候变化因子对水库氮等营养盐浓度影响较大,但影响是短时段的.研究表明,合理调控水库渔业养殖,控制流域农业、旅游等开发活动强度,减少农业化肥施用量,恢复和扩大湿地等流域营养盐削减途径,是沙河水库水质保护的关键,也对同类水库水质保护具有示范价值.Based on the 9-year monthly monitoring data,the response of water quality to the economic development activities and the protection countermeasures in catchment and water body of Tianmuhu Reservoir,a meso-eutrophic reservoir with an area of 12 km2 located in southeastern of China,was studied.The result showed that the high-density big-head carp （Hypophthalmichthys nobilis） cultivation benefited the algal bloom in the growth season of phytoplankton.Fishery adjustment,with decrease the bighead carp biomass and increase the silver carp （Hypophthalmichthys molitrix） to big-head carp ratio,significantly decreased the peak value of summer phytoplankton biomass.While when the biomass decreased to relative low value,such as 15 mg/L,the control ability of fishery to phytoplankton became weak.The influence of nutrient condition and climate factor became more important to the growth of phytoplankton.Agricultural and tourism development dramatically enhanced the nutrients runoff to the reservoir,especially the tea-farming in the steep slopes strongly increase the spring nitrogen concentration in the reservoir.Low rainfall could significantly decrease the nitrogen concentration in the water on the seasonal scale.This study suggests fishery adjustment,strictly controlling agriculture and tourism development,decreasing the fertilizer application,and expanding the wetland buffer area in the catchment,are the fundamental countermeasures for the water protection in the reservoirs located at southern China like Tianmuhu Reservoir.

关 键 词：天目湖 沙河水库 富营养化 生物操纵 氮磷比 气候变化 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]