氰氨化钙土壤改良作用及其防治蔬菜土传病害效果  

Soil amelioration effects of calcium cyanamide and its efficiency in controlling vegetable crop soil-borne diseases.

作　　者：贲海燕[1,2] 崔国庆[2] 石延霞[2] 谢学文[2] 李宝聚[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,沈阳100866 [2]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第12期3318-3324,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD19B06);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303112;201203095);农业部园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室项目资助

摘　　要：研究了氰氨化钙日光土壤消毒对土壤pH、温度及铵态氮含量的影响及其对蔬菜土传病害的防治效果。结果表明，氰氨化钙日光土壤消毒过程中，其分解产物可使土壤pH上升1．5～2．0，铵态氮含量上升2．0mg·kg^-1，分解产生的热量可使地温升高1～3℃，土壤消毒时间以20～25d为宜。田间试验结果表明，氰氨化钙可有效地抑制0～20cm土层的黄瓜枯萎病菌，抑菌效果随消毒时间增加逐渐增强，消毒处理5d，黄瓜枯萎病菌致死率为23．6％～31．1％，消毒处理15d，致死率可达76．5％～84．7％；氰氨化钙田间用药量800～1200kg·hm^-1对根结线虫病表现出很好的防治效果，可使蔬菜根结指数降低60％～90％．This paper studied the effects of soil solar-disinfection by calcium cyanamide on the soil pH, temperature, and ammonium nitrogen content in vegetable field and the prevention effect of soil solar-disinfection by calcium cyanamide on the soil-borne diseases of vegetable crops. Dur- ing the process of the soil solar-disinfection, the decomposed products of calcium cyanamide in- creased the soil pH value by 1.5-2.0 units and the soil ammonia nitrogen content by 2.0 mg·kg^-1 , and raised the soil temperature via heat generation by 1-3 ℃. The appropriate duration of this disinfection was 20-25 d. Field experiment results showed that calcium cyanamide could ef- fectively inhibit the cucumber fusarium wilt in 0-20 cm soil layer, with the control effect being increased with increasing disinfection duration. The fatality rate of the cucumber fusarium wilt was 23.6% -31.1% when the disinfection duration was 5 d, and reached 76.5% -84.7% when the disinfection duration was 15 d. The 800-1200 kg·hm^-2 field application rate of calcium cy- anamide had the best control effect on vegetable root knot nematode, and made the vegetable root knot index decreased by 60% -90%.

关 键 词：氰氨化钙 土壤改良 土传病害 根结线虫 防治效果 

分 类 号：S436.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]