苹果和红梨化学疏花疏果效应及其胚胎学机制研究  

Study on the Flower Thinning and the Embryonic Mechanism of Apple and Red Peeled Pear

作　　者：陆金珍[1] 石卓功[1] 和润喜[1] 邵抚民 马玉梅 黄贝[3] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明650224 [2]昆明市西山区农林局,云南昆明650100 [3]国家林业局昆明勘察设计院,云南昆明650216

出　　处：《北方园艺》2013年第24期100-106,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家林业局"948"资助项目(2010-4-07)

摘　　要：以8a生红梨和16a生"红富士"苹果为试材,以尿素、硫脲、石硫合剂、乙烯利+萘乙酸、单氰胺、TMN-6、CFA为化学疏除药剂,采用随机区组设计方法进行田间试验,研究筛选了适合昆明地区苹果、梨的化学疏除剂并明确其疏除机制及对胚胎学方面的影响。结果表明:处理后1周,1.5°Be石硫合剂处理的红梨花朵坐果率比对照低了10.1个百分点,有显著的疏除效果,单果比例为87.92%;生理落果后,0.25%硫脲处理的红梨花朵坐果率比对照降低了21.6%,单果比例为94.49%;0.3%TMN-6适宜作为红富士苹果的疏除剂,并能在一定程度上提高红富士果实的纵、横径及单果重。TMN-6是通过烧伤花瓣、花药和柱头,杀死部分花粉粒并抑制花粉管的生长而起作用;CFA对柱头有杀伤作用并能杀死大部分花粉管,硫脲能抑制位于花柱中上部的花粉管的生长,石硫合剂对花粉无明显的杀伤作用但对花粉管的生长有明显的抑制作用。施用于红富士的各种药剂均对授粉前的胚囊发育进程没有影响。Taking 16-year-old ＇Red Fuji＇ apple and 8-year-old Red peeled pear as the test material,used cyanamide,urea, thiourea,lime sulfur,TMN-6, CFA and NAA and Eth as the chemical thinning agents for ＇Red Fuji＇ apple and Red Peeled pear. Randomized block design method was used. The suitable chemical thinness to apple,pear for kunming area and their mechanism as well as their influence on embryology were stuided. The results demonstrated that, one week after spraying lime sulfur at 1.5°Be, the flower-setting of inflorescence was 10. 1 percent point lower than control in Red peeled,it had a significant effect and its proportion of single inflorescence was 87. 92%. After physiological fruit drop,the treatment of 0. 25% thiourea＇s flower-setting of inflorescence compared with control was reduced by 21.6% and the proportion of single inflorescence was 94. 49% in Red peeled. TMN-6 at the concentration of 0. 3% was appropriate for the chemical thinner of Fuji apple and improved the longitudinal, transverse fruit diameter and fruit weight to some extent. TMN-6 made an effect though burning the petals, anthers and stigma, and killing some part of pollen and restraining the pollen tube growth. CFA thinned flower by injuring pollen tube and stigma and the mechanism of thiourea was based on restraining the pollen tube growth which was in the upper part of stigma. Spraying lime sulfur, pollen germinated was normally on stigma,but it had visible restraint to the growth of pollen tube.

关 键 词：红富士 红梨 疏花疏果 胚胎发育 昆明地区 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]