当代美国增长伦理的转变与城市增长管理运动  

The Transformation of the Growth Ethic and the Growth Management Movement in Contemporary America

作　　者：孙群郎[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院,教授金华321004

出　　处：《世界历史》2013年第6期19-31,156,共13页World History

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"美国城市郊区化的危害及其困境"(项目批号:08JA770005)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：当代美国的高速发展和大都市区的低密度蔓延造成了一系列经济、社会和生态危害,迫使美国人于20世纪六七十年代对"增长伦理"进行反思,出现了所谓"静悄悄的土地利用革命",从联邦到州、区域和地方政府都制定和实施了增长管理和土地利用法规,从而兴起了一场影响深远的增长管理运动,这些增长管理法规和措施在一定程度上发挥了积极的作用。然而,由于美国各州及其人民对增长管理的认识和态度不同,其采取的措施及其效果也迥然有别。同时,美国的增长管理运动面临着各种严峻的挑战。The fast growth of contemporary America and the low density sprawl of American metropolitan areas led to numerous economic,social and ecological problems.From the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s,Americans began to rethink this approach to growth,and there appeared a growth management movement in some states.The goal of the movement was to rationally manage growth,so as to solve or prevent the problems produced by growth and sprawl.The attitudes of the various levels of governments and the people,however,were very different.They took varying growth management measures,and different results achieved.At the same time,the growth management movement was facing severe challenges.

关 键 词：美国 低密度蔓延 增长伦理 增长管理 

分 类 号：F299.712[经济管理—国民经济]